Ecological Compensation Mechanism And Standard In Mining Area Base On Loss-benefit Analysis

With the scale enlargement of mining production, the damage of ecological environment has a more and more obvious marginal restraining effect on the economic development. Ecological compensation mechanism, which can bring the external costs into the development costs, can efficiently internalize the external economy. The ecological compensation standard is the most important content for ecological compensation mechanism, and it should be established based on specific theory and data support.According to the characteristics of mine areas, a new accounting system for profit and loss analysis has been proposed based on the theories of ecosystem service value and environmental accounting system, aiming at providing reasonable data support for the establishment of ecological compensation standard. It specifically includes the following five aspects: the economic loss caused by ecological degradation, the economic loss caused by environmental pollution, land reclamation fees, environment maintenance fees, and land reclamation earnings. The economic loss caused by ecological degradation is determined by the variation of the ecosystem services value before and after mining, and this paper adopts the dynamic correction of three kinds of coefficientsand the nested correction of two kinds of ecological systems to modify the scale of ecosystem services in order to make it more accord with the value assessment of ecosystem service in the mining areas.This article selects the large open-pit mining area in Pingshuo as the research object, chooses 4 issues of remote sensing image during 1996, 2004, 1986 and 1996 to interpret and extract the land use data. In addition. The calculation results show that the ecosystem service value during the four years in 1986-2013 shows a decline trend, and the decline range of waste treatment in its individual service function is the largest, and it declined from 51.8024 million Yuan in 1986 to negative 46.5266 million Yuan in 2013, and the decline rate is 189.82%. The profit and loss analysis results in 2012 are as follows: 1) The economic losses of ecological degradation in 2012 after the discount rate correction is 117.71 million Yuan; 2) The economic loss caused by the environmental pollution is 565.82 million Yuan, and the loss caused by atmospheric pollution is 280.14 million Yuan, the loss caused by water pollution is 285.6807 million Yuan; 3) In 2012, the land reclamation fees are 136.80 million Yuan; 4) The maintenance costs of ecological environment are 72.318 million yuan. 5) The income of reclaimed land in 2012 is 54.89 million Yuan.According to the beneficiary and the damaged party of mineral resources development, it determines the compensation subject is the enterprises and government of the mine party and the compensation object is the natural environment and the people in Pinglu district. And the concrete compensation standards are: 1) In 2012, the amount of compensation for the natural environment is 190.0281 million yuan. 2) The ecological compensations for the residents in the mining area are as follows: the rural residents in the mining area are 2987.82 Yuan per year and the urban residents in the mining area are1956.41 Yuan per person. The direct economic compensation mode for the residents in the mining area is still questionable, and it is suggested to adopt the way of combining the economic compensation of key objects and the government’s overall arrangement.