| During the last wave of globalization,China mainly relies on the demographic dividend and other low-cost advantages into the global production network,becoming the largest countries in international trade.But this way of low-end embedded in the global value chain is the focus of much criticism about Chinese open economy.In the post-crisis era,with unoptimistic trade environment of the weak global economic recovery,the grim trade protectionism and rising cost of domestic production,the development of foreign trade is slowing down.Under this background,how to build a new comparative advantages,how to improve the technical content of Chinese exports,and how to seek the new status in the international division system,has become the focus of public attention.It has been pointed out that the efficiency of contract enforcement,the protection of intellectual right,the level of financial development are important factors affecting the level of a country's comparative advantage in the export industry.By deeply involving with the international production division system led by developed countries,the developing countries cannot only help the domestic industry extend to the high-end value chain,but also can forced domestic reforms to achieve more institutionalized and legalized standards.Through building and digging the new institutional comparative advantage,the country can further enhance the export sophistication.According to Hausmann et al.(2007),the paper use export data of HS92-2 digits products from year 2002 to 2012,to calculate the export sophistication of 30 provincial units(except Tibet)in the mainland China.The results show that:(1)the export sophistication of products has grown up from 2002 to 2012 on the whole,but the gap between products expands unceasingly from 2002 to 2010 and shows the relative convergence in 2012.Besides,the shipping,electro-mechanical and textile products are the ones whose sophistication shows the fastest growth;(2)from regional point of view,the sophistication improved obviously,an the east areas is better than the west and the middle ones;despite the regional gap is gradually expanding,all the areas presents the evolution by the "go hand in hand" type model;(3)there is a strong fitting relationship of export sophistication and per capita GDP,but the fitting bias shows an enlarged trend,which means the "Rodrik paradox" of export sophistication is now becoming visible.On this basis,this paper respectively using OLS and system GMM estimation method,tests the hypothesis that whether institutional quality affect the export sophistication with the full and grouping sample.The results show that(1)the institutional quality has a significant positive effect on the export sophistication,especially the overall institution by marketization index,legal systarn by the protection of intellectual property rights and the financial system;(2)the advanced human capital is the promoting factor to the regional export ophistication,which is not affected by the sample and the method;(3)the low labor doesn't hace a significant promoting effect to export sophistication,which meas the "demographic dividend" in China has gradually disappeared;(4)FDI only has the positive effect in the east and middle areas,while the processing trade has no active effect in the all regressions;(5)the traditional factors of infrastructure shows the significant positive effect,but the R&D input has the negative effect instead,which maybe related to the innovation mode and absorptive capacity of local businesses.Therefore,policy recommendations proposed in this paper is that by fully nurturing and accumulating the advanced human capital factor and makeing comprehensively efforts of reforming to obtain institution continuous dividend,make the further depth into the international production division system and promote the upgrading of e export sophistication,in order to push the comprehensive and balanced development of the foreign trade and regional economy.The innovations of this paper reflected in that examing the effect of specific institutional quality on export sophistication,such as the law system and the finance market;with the example of 30 provinces and cities in mainland China,focusing on the impact of regional institutional quality heterogeneity on the export sophistication;making empirical analysis using OLS regression and system GMM analysis on the full sample and the grouping sample of the east,the middle and the west. |
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