Research On In-Situ Urbanization Of Agricultural Population

For large-scale of agricultural population departing from their hometown to the distant cities is a basic phenomenon and characteristic of China's current rapid urbanization, to precipitate them orderly has become the most important task of the National New Urbanization Strategy. After more than 20 years of out-going urbanization, the social and economic problems caused by unbalanced regional development, the gap between urban and rural areas have become more and more serious, therefore guiding rural residents to realize urbanization locally has been an urgent demand in the future.Based on the thinking of from theory to case study, this paper analysis the necessity and possibility of in-situ urbanization of agricultural population based on the macro background of the current development situation and realistic problems, and teases the urbanization process of agricultural population from the planned economy to market economy. And then, the paper takes Bowang Town in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province as an example, illustrates the characteristics of local farmers'transfer, and the formation mechanism of on-site urbanization effected by internal and external factors. At last, the paper evaluates the problems of agricultural population's local moving, and puts forward several suggestions on how to realize on-site urbanization from system reforming, urban planning and other aspects.In theory study, the research suggests that nowadays agricultural population transfer on-site is quite different from what taken place in the eastern coastal area in 20c 80s. At that time, under the control of urban and rural dual system, rural farmers could not go to the cities, but could only change their jobs, residences and status passively on the spot. Local industrialization, organization of grass-roots government and non-governmental forces were the main driving forces of in-situ urbanization. However, in the new period agricultural population choose to move to small cities and towns nearby actively, because of the favorable opportunity by the national development strategy and regional industry transfer.In case study, the research suggests that agricultural population in Bowang town choose to move on-site depends on both internal and external factors. Geographical environment is the basic condition, and local economic development is the direct driving force. In recent years, external opportunities such as industry transfer, the improvement of traffic condition and informatization, internal opportunities such as zoning, expanding power and other preferential policies all have been strengthening and consolidating the economic and social development of Bowang, while they have been further enhancing its ability to absorb the local farmers. At the same time, the weakness of household access, the industry concentration and urban function enhanced the local urbanization significantly. In addition, local glory, native complex, business venture and other cultural factors also play an impact that should not be ignored. According to Todaro's anticipated yield theory, local force is stronger than foreign, local benefits is far higher than other places. After comparing the costs and expected benefits of transfer rationally, local residents choose to transite on-site. This kind of in-situ urbanization. is local and inevitable.However, the driving power of urbanization is not strong enough, and there's still incomplete urbanization dilemma. People who no longer engaged in agricultural production don't want to move into urban areas or change their census register, while the high price of commodity is the primary obstacle factors. The insufficient develop conditions of small towns can't draw someone out-going back, the lag of agricultural and services productivity leads to the potential surplus labor release slowly.In the summary and further part, the paper considers getting a nonagricultural job is the basis of urbanization, so undertaking the industry transfer actively, expanding the ability of industry, promoting and upgrading the leading industry, and coordinating the three estate are the priority among priorities. while living in urban areas is the key to in-situ urbanization, so we have to reform the urban and rural dual housing system to remove shackles. In addition, the local government shall classify the agricultural population and guide them to move into town and cities orderly, plan and built small towns scientifically and rationally to create a more livable environment. Finally, the identity of citizens is the highest goal of urbanization, while it dependents on the integration of social security system of urban and rural, so we should sort out special rights attached to household, and let rural residents enjoy equal public services and development opportunities with citizens.