| Objective:With the development of modern sports, the intensity of competitive sports is growing rapidly. It is easy to have athletes get delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) when over-training. DOMS can interfere athletes from physiological and psychological aspects during its occurred, affecting the normal of the training, but also reduce the training effect. Therefore, how to improve DOMS phenomenon become a major difficulty of sports training. Also with the popularity of the mass fitness and to carry out, especially for the students to focus on fitness, ordinary people manner and intensity of exercise also continue to increase, causing some health-related problems. So, DOMS will also be known to the general population with wider attention. Through a review of the literature can be found in recent years, the primary method for improving the DOMS phenomenon is drug therapy and physical therapy and massage. But ultrasound and electromagnetic fields as painless and noninvasive treatment has not been widely used. Although sports teams often use ultrasonic and electromagnetic to treat some muscles and soft tissue damage, the research experiments of therapeutic effect on muscle soreness reported rarely, especially in terms of improving DOMS, and most of the research reports were biased and favor in bone and cells aspects. And improving the DOMS helps alleviate muscle fatigue, playing an active role in preventing in sports training and competitions in muscle damage. This experiment will choose low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) as a method of improving DOMS and explore the effect of the therapy on improving the DOMS after exercise from biochemical and physiological point of view. In order to provides a simple and safe and effective treatment method to improving the DOMS and preventing muscle injury in the future.Method:In this study, we chose 60 male students those come from Shanxi Normal University Sports Institute. Their average age was 20.32±0.91 years, average height was 177.51±4.79cm, average weight was of 71.50±4.51kg. Sixty college students were randomly divided into four groups, one of LIPUS group, PEMF group, two corresponding sham treatment groups, and each had fifteen students. After inducing the DOMS of the biceps brachii by isokinetic strength training test systems under the same experimental conditions, they accepted LIPUS and PEMF treatment and sham treatment according to the grouping, lasted three days. During which through detecting whole blood lactate (LD), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other biochemical markers, biceps circumference, peak torque and relative peak torque, mean power frequency(MPF), median frequency(MF), visual analogue scale and other physiological indicators at the quiet level, after fatigue, after exercise at 24h,48h and 72h. By analyzing the changes in biochemical markers and biceps brachii physiological indicators of each group to explore the role of the two interventions to improve the DOMS and the optimal solution.Results:1. The effect of LIPUS improving exercise-induced DOMS:In the process of recovery exercise-induced DOMS, the recovery of the indicators of those received LIPUS treatment were better than the sham treatment group. The concentration of LD in the experimental group compared with the sham treatment group had a significant difference at 48h after exercise (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the activity of CK between the experimental group and the sham treatment group at 48h after exercise (P<0.05). Comparing the activity of LDH between the experimental group and the sham treatment group at 48h after exercise had significant difference (P<0.01). But the change of circumference of biceps brachii between two groups had no significant. Radial peak torque in the experimental group comparing with the sham treatment group had a significant difference at 48h and 72h after exercise (P<0.01), while radial peak torque to body weight at 24h,48h and 72h after exercise was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01), with statistical significance. And eccentric peak torque between the experimental group and the sham treatment group also had significant difference at 48h and 72h after exercise (P<0.05), while centrifugal peak torque to body weight at 48h and 72h after exercise was significantly higher than the sham treatment group (P<0.05, P<0.01), with statistical significance. In addition, the experimental group compares with the sham treatment group at 72h after exercise was significantly higher in MPF and MF value (P<0.05). VAS in experimental group comparing with the sham treatment group at 48h and 72h after exercise was also decreased significantly (P<0.01).2. The effect of PEMF improving exercise-induced DOMS:In the process of recovery exercise-induced DOMS, the recovery of the indicators of those received PEMF treatment are better than the sham treatment group. The concentration of LD in the experimental group compared with the sham treatment group has a significant difference at 48h after exercise (P<0.01). There is a significant difference in the activity of CK between the experimental group and the sham treatment group at 48h after exercise (P<0.01). Comparing the activity of LDH between the experimental group and the sham treatment group at 48h after exercise has significant difference (P<0.01). The change of circumference of biceps brachii between two groups has no significant, but the trend in the experimental group is slightly evident in fatigue recovery. Radial peak torque in the experimental group comparing with the sham treatment group has a significant difference at 48h and 72h after exercise (P<0.01, P<0.05), while radial peak torque to body weight increased significantly at 72h after exercise (P<0.05), with statistical significance. Eccentric peak torque and peak torque to body weight in the experimental group comparing with the sham treatmental group have significantly different and statistical significance at 72h after exercise (P<0.05). In addition, the experimental group comparing with the sham treatment group at 72h after exercise is significantly higher in MPF and MF value (P<0.05). VAS in experimental group comparing with the sham treatment group at 48h and 72h after exercise is also decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01).3. Comparison of the effect of improving the DOMS after exercise by using LIPUS and PEMF:By using LIPUS and PEMF treatment in the process of recovery of the DOMS after exercise, the recovered difference of eccentric peak torque in the LIPUS group increased significantly than the PEMF group at 24h and 48h after exercise, having statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). The recovered difference of mean power frequency in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than the PEMF group at 24h and 48h after exercise (P<0.01, P<0.05). And the recovered difference of median frequency in the LIPUS group increased significantly than the PEMF group at 48h after exercise, with statistical significance (P<0.05). With its own quiet compared to the level of recovery rate of eccentric peak torque in the LIPUS group compared with the PEMF group, there was a significant difference at 48h and 72h after exercise (P<0.05). And with its own quiet compared to the level of recovery rate of mean power frequency in the LIPUS group were significantly higher than the PEMF group at 72h after exercise, with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion:1. By using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy can improve the delayed-onset muscle soreness induced by exercise effectively:Muscles produces delayed-onset muscle soreness after fatigue, the concentrations of blood lactate, creatine kinase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity has declined and lower than the sham treatment group after low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy treatment. Although the change of circumference of biceps brachii is not obvious, the degree of improvement in pain, fatigue and strength of biceps brachii is superior to sham treatment group and can be restored earlier. So that can make the biceps brachii function recovery as soon as possible.2. By using pulsed electromagnetic field therapy can improve the delayed-onset muscle soreness induced by exercise effectively:Muscles produces delayed-onset muscle soreness after fatigue, blood concentrations of blood lactate, creatine kinase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity has declined and lower than the sham treatment group after pulsed electromagnetic field treatment. Although the change of circumference of biceps brachii is not obvious, the degree of improvement in pain, fatigue and strength of biceps brachii is superior to sham treatment group and can be restored earlier. So that can make the biceps brachii function recovery as soon as possible.3. The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound improving delayed-onset muscle soreness is slightly better than pulsed electromagnetic fields:By using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic field treat the delayed onset muscle soreness induced by muscle fatigue, the changes of the magnitude and rate of recovery of muscle strength, muscle fatigue and muscle pain of the subjects in the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound group is slightly better than the pulsed electromagnetic fields group. Indicating that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to improve the delayed-onset muscle soreness is slightly superior to pulsed electromagnetic fields. |
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