Research On Chinese Verbs

This paper chooses twenty-two members of Chinese Increase-Decrease class verb which are common and easy to improperly used by foreign students as the subject of this study, dividing them into "zeng, jia, tian, jian,xue"categories verbs, and then make investigation analysis of usage and semantics on these verbs, hoping that we can provide some beneficial reference for the Chinese language teaching to foreigners.In the usage level, this paper mainly examines the high-frequency collocations and colligations of Chinese Increase-Decrease class verbs. we conclude the high-frequency words and forms of collocation, typical frameworks of colligation by screening, counting, summarizing and analyzing the related linguistic data. Then we make a brief summary and comparison about the collocation of "zeng, jia, tian, jian,xue" categories verbs. In terms of high-frequency collocations, the first five high frequencies of these twenty-two Increase-Decrease class verbs are not the same. In the terms of colligations, by examining the corpora, we got the condition about the various verbs with relevant nominal composition, verbal composition, adjective composition and adverbial composition constitute the frameworks of colligation on"subject-predicate,verb-object,verb-complement,modifier-head or verb-adverbial"and so on. The comparison finds that the verb’s activeness in different colligations and the condition of collocation with specific ingredients are different.In the semantic level,this paper makes some investigation and analysis mainly from the aspects of semantic features, "semantic component-model of semantic composition" and the semantic categories of verb objects. Firstly,this paper bases on the mutual semantic feature "[+change]" of Increase-Decrease class verbs,combining with the conclusion of main collocations and colligations on Increase-Decrease class verbs in previous chapter,and summarizes eight specific semantic features of these verbs. We find that most of these twenty-two verbs have the semantic features of[+alive], [+abstract], [+external force], [+deep level], [+high frequency], [+gradual change] and the ":Jia, tian" categories verbs have more semantic restrictions than the"zeng, jian, xue" categories verbs. Then this paper refers to the semantic features and definitions of several commonly-used dictionaries, using "semantic component-model of semantic composition" to make formal description on these twenty-two Increase-Decrease class verbs, conclude these verbs have "E+D" and "D+E" two interpreting modes and the former reflects the strong meaning of "impress" or"causative". There is a certain relation and distinction among the various verbs about the subject, scope, condition and result of "change". Moreover, this thesis also sums up the semantic categories of objects about Increase-Decrease class verbs according to the linguistic data, finding that there are both cross and differences among their semantic categories of objects.Finally, this paper makes some discussion on the terms of Teaching Chinese as Second Language. Firstly examine the way of handling these verbs in textbooks and find that the collection situation of Increase-Decrease class verbs in three main textbooks is unsatisfactory and imbalance. In terms of paraphrase,there are some problems, such as "Using one word to interpret another word" and "lack of typical examples" and so on. Then examine the bias error of foreign students,concluding that the bias error on Increase-Decrease class verbs include grammar bias and semantic bias and the mixture of bias is more common. Moreover, the paper analyzes the reasons of these bias error. Based on the research achievements before-mentioned,some relevant suggestions on the textbooks and class teaching are given.