Northeast Foreign Word Place Name Research

Loanwords,also known as foreign words,borrowed words,exogenous words and so on,are the words which absorb the pronunciation and meaning from foreign languages or native minority languages.Researches on loanwords have always been the main focus on the research of linguistics and lexicology as well as the research of culture.The loan geographical names include not only the geographical names in foreign languages but also those in minority languages.And they belong to a special category and own a dual nature of language and culture,which endowed them with special cultural significance.This thesis mainly analyzes the present situation of loanwords used for geographical names combining relevant theories of toponymy,historical origin and translatology,based on 568 geographical names that above the township level in Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province and Liaoning Province as well as in the five areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.And in terms of the collection and classification of linguistic data,this thesis adopts methods of investigation,statistics,induction,and quantitative analysis.Besides,it gives a concrete analysis on the basic situation,etymological and structural features,and the naming motivation from the perspective of linguistics.The introduction of this paper mainly includes the general situation of the study of loanwords and geographical names,and it also explains the significance of the subject,the research content,the source of the corpus and research methods.Chapter one combs the basic situation of the loan geographical names in Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province,Liaoning Province and the five areas in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.There are 568 loan geographical names among which there are 117 in Heillongjiang province,99 in Jilin province,53 in Liaoning province,and 299 in the five areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.All these are analyzed in this chapter according to different provinces and areas mentioned above.Chapter two mainly analyzes the source of loanwords that are used as geographical names.Among all these words,only 5 of them are from foreign languages,the others are derived from minority languages.There are 342 words from Mongolian,which takes up the biggest part.And 141 words from Manchu,23 words from Daur language,19 words from Evenk language,15 words from Oroqen language,4 words from Hezhe language and 2 words from Tibetan.Chapter three analyzes the structure of the loan geographical names in Northeast China.In general,the structures can mainly be divided into three kinds.They are“ proper name + general name”,“proper name + general name + general name”,and“proper name + proper name +general name”.Chapter four analyzes the naming motivation of the loan geographical names.There are two main types of naming: natural entity and social humanity.Among them,the natural entity class is the key one which includes landform,flora and fauna,mineral resources,living goods and location and so on.And the social humanity class is mainly reflected in the political,military and spiritual aspects.Chapter five mainly researches on the features of the loan geographical names in Northeast China.From the position,declining in the number of the names from north to south.From the distribution,most in the five areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.From the translation features,transliteration is in a dominant position.From the etymology,mainly in Mongolian and Manchu.From the meaning,mainly belonging to the natural entity.From the culture,these loan geographical names manifest the diversity of Northeast culture.Chapter six mainly researches on the usage problems and standards.Some loan geographical names were in a situation where they own multiple sources or multiple translations,and distinguishing usage.Therefore,we should strengthen the management of the loan geographical name usage.The conclusion part summarizes the main research ideas and the innovations of combining loanwords and geographical names.Besides,it summarizes the various characteristics briefly and points out the shortcomings of this thesis.