The Antidiarrheal Effect Of Rhubarb Charcoal And Its Material Basis Research

BackgroundDiarrhea is one common clinically-acute digestive disease,and it plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine.From the perspective of literature studies,Chinese medicine treatment of diarrhea currently focuses on pharmacological research in basic research.The research level is from the organ level to the molecular level;in the field of prescription research,it is primarily a clinical research to study diseases with functional diarrhea and pediatric diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome,these diseases are research hotspots now.Charcoal drugs for the treatment of diarrhea have existed for a long time.The commonly accepted principles are:Chinese medicine itself has a "sourness"to stop diarrhea or is not"sour" but can cure diarrhea,or to combine different traditional Chinese medicines to exert diarrhea.After the drugs are processed,their drug properties changed,and they have astringency or changes of origin.Different charcoal medicines have a reasonable effect with the prescription.The physical basis and mechanism of action of diarrhea for charcoal drugs are traditionally considered to be related to the physical adsorption of carbon contained in charcoal and the increase in tannic components in charcoal drugs,and the combination of proteins and tannic components produce macromolecules to constrict blood vessels and reduce secretion,but for the latter also has different opinions.Rhubarb is a traditional herbal drug that is commonly used in Chinese medicine.It has the following functions:diarrhea to swap stagnates,clear heat and detoxification,and promote blood circulation.It is widely used in clinical practice.The clinical application of rhubarb includes the treatment of diarrhea,especially for damp heat diarrhea and stagnant diarrhea.In addition to the use of crude drugs,rhubarb has a variety of processed products,such as cooked rhubarb,cooked rhubarb with alcohol,rhubarb charcoal,etc.These processed products have been enhanced or have undergone new changes compared with the original drug after processing.Rhubarb charcoal is traditionally considered to have minimal diarrhea effect,good hemostatic effect,and usually used for stop intestine bleeding.In our study,it was found that it has a certain anti-diarrhea function.After consulting the literature,it was found that the anti-diarrhea function of rhubarb charcoal has been reported,but the number is relatively small and basically remains at the level of clinical experience reports and personal application experience.The study of its mechanism of action is rare.At present,it is mainly believed that it is related to the charcoal and tannin produced after the process of rhubarb.PurposesThe team found in the study of charcoal medicine that the material basis of the anti-diarrhea effects of rhubarb charcoal is likely to be not limited to what is known,and it is more likely to be related to a new component produced after processing.In experiments on processed rhubarb charcoal decoction,it was found that it contained a substance with fluorescent characteristics that was not found in the decoction of common rhubarb.This material is called nano-compositions,like carbon quantum dots and is a nano-sized particle with unique properties.Purposes:study the characterization of rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions;investigate the process conditions of rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions,and compare the characterization of rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions under different temperatures,determine the most suitable temperatures of process;study the anti-diarrhea effects of rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions.MethodsThe team used modern technology to process the rhubarb charcoal,and got the rhubarb nano-compositions through a series of steps of firing,crushing,boiling and dialysis,etc.And used a series of physical and chemical technics including TEM,HPLC,infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectrum to study its material characterization.Mice diarrhea model was also established to study the anti-diarrhea effects of rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions.ResultsTransmission electron microscopy showed that the nano-compositions of rhubarb charcoal is a single substance with nano-scale components.The results of HPLC show that rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions is single and almost free of small-molecule active substances in rhubarb.In order to obtain rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions with stable quality and reliable efficacy,the preparation process of rhubarb charcoal was optimized.The firing conditions at temperatures set as 280?,350?,and 450?.It founds that as the temperature increases,the yield of charcoal medicine decreases,and at different temperatures,the charcoal medicines prepared from 100 g of rhubarb correspond to 51.2 g,46.0 g,and 43.3 g at 280?,350?,and 450?.The productivity is 51.2%,46.0%,43.3%.The rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions were preocessed by the standard procedures of different temperature burned rhubarb charcoal,and they were identified by transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,and ultraviolet spectroscopy.RESULTS:In the graphs of transmission electron microscopy,as the temperature increased,the particle diameter of the nano-compositions showed difference,and the particle size of the fired component at about 280? was about 50 to 100 nm.At 350?,the particle size distribution was about 10to 50 nm.At 450?,the particle size distribution was about 50 to 100 nm too.In infrared spectroscopy,the carbon dot surface contains abundant groups at 280? and 350?.At 450 ?,the surface groups gradually decrease,and the nano-compositions have the most abundant surface groups at 350 ?.In the UV spectrum,the images of the nano-compositions in the batches are basically the same,and their absorption peaks are different from the general compounds,excluding the presence of small molecule compounds and heteroatoms.In the pharmacodynamic experiment,three different temperatures of rhubarb charcoal carbon spot have an effect on the diarrhea index of animal diarrhea model but no statistical difference.The diarrhea index of the rhubarb charcoal nano-compositions group fired at 350? was lower than that of the other two temperature groups.The efficacy test showed that there were significant statistical differences between the nano-compositions of rhubarb charcoal at different temperatures groups and the model group(p<0.01).CONCLUSION:According to the results of material characterization and efficacy,350? is the most suitable temperature for processing qualified charcoal nano-compositions.Animal model of diarrhea was performed on 350 ? rhubarb charcoal carbon spot.The diarrhea index,diarrhea latency,and intestinal transit function and animal model were investigated in different dosage groups(2 g/ml in high-dose group,1 g/ml in middle-dose group,and 0.5 g/ml in low-dose group).RESULTS:In the aspect of diarrhea index,the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index decreased in the positive control group and the three rhubarb charcoal group compared with the model group,compared with the diarrhea rate of the diarrhea model group 0.71± 0.05,the positive drug group 0.32 ± 0.07,rhubarb charcoal high dose group 0.36±0.06,rhubarb charcoal low dose group 0.36 ± 0.07,there were statistically significant difference(p<0.01).Compared with the diarrhea index 1.44±0.11 in the diarrhea model group,the positive drug group 0.66±0.17,the rhubarb charcoal high dose group 0.72±0..12,and the rhubarb charcoal low dose group 0.79±0.12 there were significant reduction(p<0.01).In the aspect of diarrhea incubation period,the time of diarrhea in the positive drug group and the three rhubarb charcoal groups was delayed compared with the model group.Compared with the model group 94.56±37.66 minutes,the positive drug group had a significant delay of 156.38±35.48 minutes,which was statistically significant.(p<0.05)The diarrhea was delayed for a certain time between the three rhubarb charcoal groups and the model group,but it was not statistically significant.The duration of diarrhea was significantly longer in the positive drug group compared with the three rhubarb carbon groups,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).In the aspect of intestinal transport function,compared with the model group,the positive drug group and the rhubarb charcoal three dose groups all had a certain role in slowing the intestinal propulsion.Compared with the model group 63.12(8.73),the positive drug group 56.13(10.80)and the low-dose charcoal group 53.07(8.74)were also statistically reduced(p<0.05).There was no statistical difference between the positive drug group and the three doses of rhubarb charcoal.CONCLUSION:the charcoal nano-compositions burned at 350 0C,especially the low-dose group,has a therapeutic effect on animal diarrhea models,and its therapeutic mechanism may be related to slowing the progression of intestine motility.ConclusionThe material basis of rhubarb charcoal anti-diarrhea effects is newly generated single substance with nano-compositions,and it has unique spectral properties.And 350? is the most suitable temperature for processing qualified charcoal nano-compositions.The charcoal nano-compositions slowed the progression of intestine motility to decrease the diarrhea index.SignificanceThe medical effects of the rhubarb charcoal on diarrhea has not received enough attention for a long time,and the research on its anti-diarrhea effects lacks sufficient study.In this study,starting from the process of rhubarb charcoal using modern technology,we conducted a study on the newly discovered nano-compositions of rhubarb charcoal and conducted an experiment based on the basis that the nano-compositions is the material basis for anti-diarrhea effects of rhubarb charcoal,and proved the reliability of this basis in experiments.This study first discovered the nano-compositions of rhubarb charcoal and conducted pharmacological studies on it.This research has opened up a new direction for research on the efficacy and material basis of rhubarb and charcoal drugs,and it also has important significance for the study of the medical application of nano-compositions.