| OBJECTIVEBy using archaeology of knowledge as method,from perspective of the popular "Qi Theory"during Qin-Han Dynasties,collect documents about medicine,history,literature and archaeology during Qin-Han Dynasties,this article investigate the theoretical changes of the relationship between "heart" and "vessels" during Qin-Han Dynasties,to construct the content and knowledge system behind the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine during Qin-Han Dynasties.METHODThe article uses analytical method of discursive forrmation in Archaeology of Knowledge to investigate history of the relations hip between "heart" and'vessels" during Qin-Han Dynasties.1.Investigate object formation of "heart","vessels","blood vessels","meridian","heart governs blood and vessels" in this article during Qin-Han Dynasties,i.e.what do "heart","vessels","blood vessels","meridian" refer to;"heart governs blood and vessels" which the object "governs" to.2.Investigate statement of "heart","heart governs blood and vessels","vessels" in articles during Qin-Han Dynasties,i.e.they appear by what method,with which concept and in what order.3.Investigate definition for the concept of "heart","heart governs blood and vessels","vessels" in articles during Qin-Han Dynasties,i.e.Compared to other concepts such as"blood","blood Qi","Qi","heart storing spirit",how was the three concepts being defined,.4.Investigate subordinate subject of relationship between "heart" and "vessels" in articles during Qin-Han Dynasties:The operation of Qi and blood,the range of its clinical application(carbuncle,Bi-syndrome,palpitation,chest stuffness and pain etc.)and the changes of treatment.RESULTS1.During Qin-Han Dynasties,"heart" and "vessels" were physical structure in anatomy findings.The concept of "vessels" has undergone the transformation process from blood vessels to meridian.Meridians mainly consist of three meanings:large blood vessels,meridians and normal pulse conditions.In the three meaning of meridians,large blood vessels and meridians are visible and tangible entity structures in the eyes of the ancients.2.During Qin-Han Dynasties,the popularity of "Qi theory" started from the Warring States period,after that became a prominent school It combined with "Yin Yang" and "five elements"theories.The basic content of "Qi Theory" mainly includes two aspects:1 Qi Monism;2 Gasification Theory.Qi monism mainly talks about Qi exists as areal siubstance that,congest between heaven and earth,constitutes the basic elenlments of all things.Its basic characteristics include three aspects:changes of movement,different nature,and space-time;Gasification theory mainly talks about the changes of Qi motion,and the changes of Qi movement which caused the variation of all things.3.During Qin-Han Dynasties,before Warring States period,people's cosmology view was orderly,;"disconnection of heaven from earth",the body view was "conjunction of morality and instrument",and the concept of life was "respect for God".During that time,heart refers to the state of mind,spirit or emotion.The concept of vessels was "blood vessels",worked as circulating blood,unobstructed,while heart and vessels were not related.Meanwhile,the disease was mainly body disease,and treatment method mainly used stone needle.At the beginning of Warring States period,with successful introduction of the concept "qi",people's cosmology was digitalized,that is,heaven and earth were digitized,and there was a certain law in the movement of the heavens and the earth.This law can be known and can be used;the body view is "conjunction of shape and Qi",which means living bodies were formed by tangible entities and invisible Qi corresponding to each other;life concept is "regulating Qi and exercise",which means "my life depends on myself instead of fate".According to the principle of"comply with the laws of yin and yang,corresponding to the number of days",it will allow people to "finish their days" or even "live forever".Since then,heart and pulse had begun to have relationship,and have undergone two stage of changes.In the first stage,Warring States period began,the heart stored spirit,and it mastered human body.The vessels changed from"blood vessels" to "meridians",it worked as circulating blood and based on Qi,the relationship between heart and vessels was "heart-spirit-blood Qi(vessels)",which means spirit dominates blood Qi movement in the vessels.During this period,diseases were dominated as viscera diseases and Bi-syndrome,treatment mainly used microneedles.In the second stage,with the classicization of the meridians,heart belonged to fire,heart stored Tai Yang and Fire Qi as a treasury,vessels meant meridians,meridians were in chain,circulated of Ying Wei in endless stream.The relationship between heart and vessels was "heart-Tai Yang,Fire Qi-vessels",which means Tai Yang and Fire Qi which stored in heart worked as the function of producing and nourishing on vessels.During this period,diseases were dominated as viscera diseases,treatment method still mainly based on microneedles.Until the Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhong Jing changed the microneedle therapy to drug therapy.CONCLUSION1.During Qin-Han Dynasties,"heart" and "vessels" were physical structure in anatomy findings.The concept of"vessels" has undergone the transformation process from blood vessels to meridian.2.During Qin-Han Dynasties,the transformation of the relationship between "heart" and"vessels" changed with the transformation of world schema and human cognitive mode.3.During Qin-Han Dynasties,Qitheory came into being and became popular,which was the fundamental reason for the transformation of the relationship between "heart" and "vessels".4.During Qin-Han Dynasties,the transformation of the relationship between "heart" and"vessels" led to changes in the clinical practice of "heart" and "vessels" related syndromes.5.During ancient time and modern era,the understanding of relationship between "heart"and "vessels" is different.The reason is the knowledge background and the theoretical system of ancient time and modern era are different,so the understanding is not the same.To make this clear,either the research on view of human body and visceral theory of heart during Qin-Han Dynasties,or modern visceral theory of heart,research and application of integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine,it has positive meaning. |
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