Research On The Development Of Public Health In Xi'an (1932-1949)

The public hygiene of Shan'an Xi and Xi'an started from the large scale outbreak of epidemics in 1932, Shan'an Xi province. At that time, the public view upon public hygiene was only about the protection of individual life. The hygiene and disease control of Shan'xi was almost blank. The outbreak of epidemics compelled the province government to response to infectious diseases. The establishment of Shaanxi Epidemic Prevention Centre marked that Shaanxi established its formal hygiene prevention center. This is the beginning of Shan'xi public hygiene and Xi'an also begins its development of public hygiene.Xi'an experienced great changes from 1932 to 1949. Eastern coastal China are occupied by enemy and suffered from Japan soldiers. The situation in Xi'an was relatively peace since Xi'an northwestern location. In 1932, the Kuomintang government decide to "take Chang an as the auxiliary capital and named it Xi Jing, the strategic position of Xi'an was improved a lot. In 1944, extension of Long Hai railway to Xi'an all that resulted in the population explosion there and brought chance as well as challenges to Xi'an. In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek advocated New Life Movement on a nation scale. The great importance this movement attached on the public hygiene publicized and leaded the modern public hygiene development of Xi'an. Though the focus of this movement was different at different time, but the hygiene campaigns represented by The Summer Health Campaign has deeply the development of Xi'an public hygiene.This thesis contains 4 chapters. Chapter1 mainly analysis the background of Xi'an public hygiene. The outbreak of epidemics in 1932 compelled the province government to carry out the prevention work of infectious diseases. But the situation of hygiene institutions could far satisfy the basic demand of public not mention to deal with the serious cholera. The middle and later periods of Republic of China is a crucial development time of Xi'an during which time the population increased quickly and pose a great challenge to Xi'an'public hygiene.Chapter 2 mainly elaborates the development of earlier Xi'an'public hygiene. The establishment of Shaanxi Epidemic Prevention Centre marked the start of Shaanxi public hygiene and Xi'an s public hygiene. Take the opportunity of New Life Movement in 1934, Xi'an'public hygiene appeared in the public horizon of government and people and promoted the development of Xi'an public hygiene.Chapter 3 introduces the quantitive achievements of the development of Xi'an'public hygiene mainly including the development of its concrete constituents such as environmental hygiene, dietetic hygiene, epidemic prevention, maternity and child hygiene and hygiene publication and education. Xi'an formed a relative formal public hygiene the middle and later periods of the Republic of China.Chapter 4 is the evaluation of the development of Xi'an public hygiene. Xi'an'public hygiene progressed in the middle and later periods of the Republic of China and formed a modern hygiene system.In a word, the middle and later periods of the Republic of China and during the establishment of Xi'an public hygiene, formation of hygiene administration institutions, hygiene measures from simple prevention to maternity,environmental hygiene, dietetic hygiene and child hygiene school hygiene and school hygiene etc. diverse measures of hygiene publication and education all marked the formation and development of the public hygiene of Xi'an. though its development is slow and many shortages and limitations existed in its development, but taking it overall development into consideration, it stepped into moderation from traditional model. The measures of public hygiene laid a solid foundation for the development of public hygiene of Xi'an after the establishment of the People's Republic of China.