Shanghai Hygiene Campaign During The Period Of The Republic Of China(1928-1937)

Shanghai special municipal government was founded On July 9, 1927.For the purpose of improving the city’s public health conditions and protecting public health, the municipal government launched China’s first hygiene campaign meeting on April 28 and 29, 1928. The national government’s ministry of health legislated relevant regulations and carried them out in whole country in May 1928. The hygiene campaign which was one of “seven social campaigns”which were advocated by the government during whole Nanjing’s 10 years(1928-1937)lasted long time and carried out widely, and has exerted a great influence on Shanghai’s local society. As an state act which was dominated by the government, with the development of the hygiene campaign, its substance also shows different demands of the times along with the nation’s rise and fall. Especially under the background of growing national crisis after Songhu Anti-Japanese War in 1932, the hygiene campaign was responsible for cleaning and public health knowledge popularization among citizens, and also be endowed with profound political connotation.This research tries to restore the historical appearance of the hygiene campaign from the angle of the government’s advocation and promotion for health, and through investigating the hygiene campaign’s organization,preparation, process and main activities. Meanwhile,this research tries toshow that public health was one vital link between state and society through analyzing the cooperative interactions between social groups and the government.Besides Introduction and Conclusion, the body of this article mainly includes three parts.Firstly, investigate the historical background of the hygiene campaign which was launched by the Shanghai Special City, the municipal government must take effective actions to improve the city’s public health conditions through investigating the worse health problems of Shanghai. The foundation of Shanghai municipal bureau of health provided institutional guarantees for the organization of hygiene campaigns. The impact of the thoughts of reforming nationality and health saves state on the hygiene campaign shows that launching hygiene campaigns was the demand of the age.Secondly, investigate hygiene campaigns’ organization, preparation,process and main activities from 1928 to 1937 and try to restore the historical appearance of them.Thirdly, show the interactive relationship between state and society through investigating the cooperative interactions between social groups and the government. See the historical fact objectively through analyzing people’s evaluation during hygiene campaigns.