| Rural tourism, a kind of tourism activities happened in rural area, meets the needs of urban resident’s leisure by rural tourism attractions. During the period of domestic rural tourism’s transition and upgrade, the probe into the spatial change and its influencing factors of rural scenic spots in Nanning city is of great significance. It contributes to optimize rural tourism spatial patterns, to make the rural tourism resources be integrated, and to perfect tourist facilities, etc.The research adopted the datas about the rural tourism scenic spots of assessment levels from 2005 to 2015, published by Guangxi Tourism Development Committee, and established a geographic information database of rural scenic spots with the historical maps of geographical factors, regional planning maps and GPS navigation map, etc. This paper firstly made a literature review of rural tourism spatial change at home and abroad, and analyzed the development situation of regional tourism in economy, resources and product, etc. Secondly, based on the practices of rural tourism, a classification system of rural tourism scenic spots was established. With the distance decay theory and tourism industry standards, an assignment method of rural scenic spots was designed. Thirdly, the temporal variation of rural scenic spots on their quantity, type and structure were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed; the spatial change features of their agglomeration, space scale, spatial layers and spatial pattern were systematically explored by an integration method of GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. Fourthly, with the methods of quantitative geography, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics, how the topography, landscape, soil, economic space, river, lake, location and traffic have been influencing the spatial distribution of rural scenic spots, what the space relationships among the rural tourism scenic spots, population, economy and the core scenic spots are and how the county towns, key towns, villages and core scenic spots have been playing a driving role in rural tourism spatial change, all the problems were explored. How the policies and regulations have been impacting on the development of rural tourism was also analyzed with literature analysis method. Finally, some measures to develop rural tourism were put forward. The main conclusions of this study as follow:Based on the local standards and tourism development indicators, different types of scenic spots can be integrated into rural scenic spots and their types and levels also can be quantified. Rural scenic spots in Nanning city are divided into 4 functional types and 12 kinds of connotations.The amount of rural scenic spots in Nanning city is increasing, leading their function types to differentiate. The main functions of rural tourism are leisure & sightseeing and recreation & entertainment, followed by participation & experience and recreation & vacation, and the item type is given priority to entertainment, participation as well as experience. The rural scenic spot types are converted into each other in two obvious paths.The spatial change characteristic of rural tourism in Nanning city is significantly obvious. 1) The spatial development process of rural scenic spots is an significantly agglomeration process by expanding from the core area to the edge, with a basic spatial pattern consisting of a radiation belt of the outskirts, a mountain tourism belt of Daming Mountain surrounding by counties Mashan, Wuming, Shangin and Binyang, as well as a weak radiation belts of Xijin Lake; the spatial pattern is influenced by the factors of tourism attraction, core scenic, traffic, hydrology, etc. so as to present a space combination of core, belt and circle. 2) The characteristics of rural scenic spot on the distance space scales of agglomeration and spatial layers of differentiation are significantly obvious. The maximal space scale was expanding year by year, the minimum space scale had been going through an evolution process that it expanded first and then reduced. By extending outward from main urban area, there are a large belt, a sparse area and a smaller belt in the areas of 15 ~ 45 km, 45 ~ 60 km and 75 ~ 105 km respectively. With the development of rural tourism, the degree of agglomeration belt increased year by year, and substitution happened between belts. Four types of rural tourism spot’s function also have such same rules.Some geographical factors distinctly influence the spatial change of rural tourism in Nanning city. 1) The landscape spaces of plains, hills and low mountains being suitable for human farming, working, living, transportation line construction etc., attract the development of rural scenic spots, leading the rural scenic spots to evolve from an altitude of 0~100 m to 100~200 m on the plains. The agricultural region, water protection zone and nature reserve are dominant spaces of rural tourism evolution. 2) The rural scenic spots stick to the aquatic environment and evolve in surrounding areas, but space expansion is subject to the number of scenic spots. And the dependent differences exist in different function types of rural scenic spots. 3) The open transport system presents a trend of distance decay in fluctuation and provide an accessibility for urban residents in a one-day tour, and its surrounding area 0~7 km is the gathering area of the rural scenic spots. 4) The spatial correlation of rural scenic spots with population size, economic development and core scenic spots is highly significant. Urban area, county town and regional key town, the core scenic spot and tourism village have been driven the development of rural scenic spot. 5) In the past five years, the rapid development of rural tourism thanks to the tourism industry policys about department cooperation and industry convergence, tourism spatial development planning, and the tourism industry standards with the standardization constantly being improved and quality certification system being perfecting.Several countermeasures on promoting the development of rural tourism are put forward as follow. Rural scenic spot should be integrated into the scenic tourist destination, and a multi-level rural leisure network system in city territory should be constructed. The coordinated development of rural tourism planning should be compiled, and a rural tourism belt around the city also shouled be built. A more perfect brand certification system of rural tourism should be designed, and the rural tourism’s quality and tourist’s satisfaction also should be improved. Either the products of leisure & sightseeing, recreation & entertainment and participation & experience to meet the leisure demands of a one-day tour of urban residents, or the products of recreation & vacation in summer, well-being, vacation, peasant life, etc. to meet the leisure demands of the urban residents coming from surrounding provinces, should be developed. |
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