Study On Spatial Distribution Of Banking Outlets In Henan County-level Area

The location of economic activity is the core research topic of economic geography. The traditional research pays more attention to the location of agriculture, industry and commerce, while the research on the location of financial institutions is less. The location of financial institutions is generally concerned with the rise of financial geography. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the location of the financial institutions in city and the distribution of the different sectors of the financial institutions in different cities. while the research on banking outlets in the rural areas is few. In the process of getting rid of the two elements of the economy, the rural finance plays an important role in the mobilization of funds, but it often becomes the weak link of the national financial development in developing countries.Financial institutions in county-level area generally have the problems such as low coverage rate, unbalanced spatial distribution in our country. With the government's growing concern about the "three rural" issues, to solve the problem of the weakly financial services in county-level area is mentioned on the agenda, From central to local government introduce a series of documents to promote the development of rural finance. Henan is large population and big agricultural province,after years of development,financial service issues have been improved in county-level area, but problems of the outlets coverage is low, "three rural" loans difficult and payment is not convenient still outstanding. Research on the spatial distribution of banking outlets in county-level area, can reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of different types of banking outlets, to explore the main factors influencing the spatial distribution of banking outlets, to provide policy recommendations for the effective supply of rural financial services increased. In this paper, using data of the Henan Province bank all indicators report, the official website of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on the financial license and the Henan statistical yearbook, under the support of ArcGIS and SPSS software, using of map analysis and multiple regression analysis method, Through a analysis of the overall development, spatial distribution and influencing factors ofbanking outlets in Henan county-level area. The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly, the distribution and change in different types of banking outlets in urban and rural areas are different. Five state-owned commercial banking outlets in city area more than county-level area, private joint-stock commercial banking outlets are mainly concentrated in city area, rural and postal savings banking outlets are mainly concentrated in county-level area. Changes with time, five state-owned commercial banking outlets incounty-level area has been in reducing, and city area to decrease after increase; Private joint-stock banking outlets in county-level area are from scratch, outlets in city area are increase continuously; rural banking outlets in county-level areawere reduced and then small increases,outlets in city area are largely reduce; postal savings banking outletsin county-level and city area were increased.Second,there are differences between different types of banking distribution in country-level area. Five state-owned commercial banking more outlets in country-level area are mainly distributed in the central and border areas; Private joint-stock banking outlets in many counties are least, outlets with slightly more concentrated in the central and western areas; in general, Rural banking outlets in many counties are less, outlets with more concentrated in the northwest and north areas; postal savings banking outlets with more in counties are mainly distributed in East and southwest areas.Third, the number and density of banking outlets spatial distribution variation are not consistent. Most banking outlets increased county located in the west of the Beijing-Guangzhou line, the reduced concentrated in the north and east to the southeast; the increased of per million people have a number of banking outlets are concentrated in the area around the Zhengzhou-Luoyang and the southwest, the reduced spatial distribution is very wide, reduce a lot located the north and along the Beijing- Guangzhou line of the middle and southern area; the increased of each township banking outlets scattered spatial distribution, the reduced spatial distribution is wide, reduce a lot concentrated the north and the northwest.Fourth, the main factors that affect on the total amount of banking outlets in county-level area are urbanization rate, per capita GDP and fixed assets investment rate. Regression results show that the urbanization rate in 2010 and 2014 effects showed a significant positive correlation; the significant level of per capita GDP declined slightly, but still showed significant positive correlation; fixed asset investment rate in three years showed extremely significant positive correlation.Finally, factors influencing the distribution of different types of banking outlets in county-level area are different. Regression analysis results in the main influence factors, different types of bank vary greatly,five state-owned commercial banking outlets in county-level area are mainly affected by the impact of urbanization rate, per capita GDP and fixed asset investment rate, private joint-stock banking outlets in county-level area are mainly affected by the impact of urbanization rate of single factor, rural banking outlets in county-level area are mainly affected by per capita GDP, the impact of investment in fixed assets ratio and the loan scale, postal savings banking outlets in county-level area are mainly affected by influence of urbanization rate, the rate of investment in fixed assets and administrative level.