Preparation Of Carbon Nanocomposites Derived From Biomass And Their Application In Electrochemical Sensing For Glucose

The small size effect,high surface area,excellent properties such as the effect of quantum dot nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors,capacitors,batteries,a plurality of electrochemical field electro catalysis are of concern.Especially the electrochemical sensing field,nano materials can improve the catalytic activity and electrochemical sensor sensitivity,stability and reproducibility of metal or metal oxide.(Au,Ag,Cu O,Co3O4,NiO etc.)nano materials have been widely used to construct electrochemical sensor.Metal organic frameworks(such as MOFs,ZIFs)and its derivatives is increasingly optimistic in nano materials,because of its structure,morphology,composition and diversity is loose and porous,and MOFs material with functional pore,high specific surface area,stability and diversity of the structural features of the molecular recognition in selective catalytic,reversible,host guest molecules(ions)exchange,adsorption,separation and purification,biological sensing materials,photoelectric material,has great potential application value to develop new materials such as magnetic material and chip.The main work of this paper mainly based on nano composites and MOFs to construct four kinds of non enzymatic glucose sensor,and using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fu Liye infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),N2 Adsorbtion/desorption isotherms and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the adsorption of N2 materials.The research contents include the following four aspects: 1.A green and simple strategy to prepare graphene foam-like three-dimensional(3D)porous carbon/Ni nanoparticles(NiNPs)nanocomposites was developed for glucose detection.The discarded sponge-like natural product,pomelo peel,was employed as novel supporting materials to load a large number of Ni2+ by a simple immersing method to form pomelo peel/Ni2+ which was then carbonized to construct the graphene foam-like 3D porous carbon/NiNPs nanocomposites.The resulted nanocomposites were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms,X–ray powder diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectra and electrochemical techniques.The results showed that the NiNPs was acted as the catalyst to result in the transformation of sponge-like pomelo peel into graphene foam-like 3D porous carbon/NiNPs nanocomposites during the carbonization process.The unique catalytic activity,good electrical conductivity as well as the novel structure of the nanocomposites contributed to a perfect electrochemical performance towards the oxidization of glucose,superior to other nanomaterials.The 3D porous carbon/NiNPs nanocomposites were used to construct glucose electrochemical sensor which exhibited a wide linear range(15.84 ?M-6.48 mM)and a low detection limit(4.8 ?M).This study might provide a novel proposal for preparing perfect electrochemical sensor based on porous carbon materials in the electrochemical sensing.2.A novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor was constructed based on Cu nanospheres which were derived from a Cu-based metal organic framework by a simple thermolysis method and biomass carbon 3D KSC.The final nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray powder diffraction and electrochemical techniques.The results showed that the derived nanocomposites maintained the morphology of the original materials upon thermolysis,while the produced Cu nanospheres were embedded in three-dimensional carbon frameworks and presented an anthill-like structure.Since the final products gave a sufficiently large specific surface area,good catalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose and appropriate pores for electrolyte transfer,the resultant glucose sensor based on the Cu nanospheres/3D-KSC showed a wide linear range of 0.0019–5.62 mM and a low detection limit of 0.57 ?M.The low cost,simple preparation and good catalytic activity of Cu nanospheres/3D-KSC render those promising candidates as electrode materials for the construction of novel nonenzymatic sensors.3.Hierarchical ZnO-NiO nanosheets arrayed on three-dimensional macroporous carbon derived from kenaf stem(3D-KSCs)were constructed by thermal annealing the Zn-doped Ni metal organic frameworks grew on the 3D-KSCs for nonenzymatic glucose sensing.The prepared 3D-KSCs/hierarchical ZnO-NiO nanosheets were carefully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms.The results showed that the existence of a small quantity of Zn was very important to control the morphology of hierarchical ZnO-Ni O nanosheets.The porous structure of 3D-KSCs/hierarchical ZnO-NiO nanosheets enlarged the effective electrode surface area,and enhanced the electrical conductivity and mass transfer of nanocomposites greatly.The as-synthesized 3D-KSCs/hierarchical ZnO-NiO nanosheets was prepared into integrated electrode for nonenzymatic glucose detection,showing a wide linear range from 13 ?M to 4.86 mM,a low detection limit of 4.12 ?M,fast response time(<3 s)and good sensitivity(448.6 ?A mM-1 cm-2).The good performances make the 3D-KSCs/hierarchical ZnO-NiO nanosheets be a promising nanocomposite material for electrochemical sensing of glucose.4.A novel supporting material named as three-dimensional kenaf stem-derived carbon(3D-KSCs)was used as conductive support material to deposit graphene and Cu-Co bimetallic nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing glucose.The Cu-Co/rGO/ 3D-KSCs integrated electrode was constructed by two steps.Firstly rGO and Cu-Co NPs were grown on the channels of 3D-KSCs densely by potentiostatic deposition method.The 3D macroporous configuration of 3D-KSCs resulted in lots of hierarchical rGO covered on the surface of 3D-KSCs owing to its large enough specific surface area,which effectively avoided their aggregations and improved the stability of Cu-Co nanocomposites.Due to its unique nanostructures,the Cu-Co/rGO/ 3D-KSCs integrated electrode showed superior performance for nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing,showing wide linear range(0.015-3.95 m M)and low detection limit of 5 ?M.It might be a new strategy to prepare nanostructures on 3D-KSC for future applications.