| Millimeter-wave cylindrical luneberg lens antennas have many advantages such as low cost, high gain, broadband, wide scan angle, small size, light weight and ease of integration, etc. The demand for these antennas in interstellar communication, satellite navigation, radar warning and the future 5G communication is very serious. The key techniques of designing the mm-wave cylindrical luneberg lens antenna and array are given in this paper. The main contents of this paper are given as follows:Firstly, the research background and application scenarios of the mm-wave cylindrical luneberg lens antenna are introduced. The domestic and overseas re-search status and development history of the mm-wave cylindrical luneberg lens antennas is also reviewed.Secondly, this part mainly shows the basic theory of cylindrical luneberg lens an-tennas. The analysis of cylindrical luneberg lens with the geometrical optics is also discussed. The transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave in a parallel plate waveguide and a dielectric slab waveguide are then analyzed. The effective medium theory which can be used for effective electromagnetic properties with drilled-hole dielectric structure is also introduced.Thirdly, a low profile, multi-beam cylindrical luneberg lens antenna working at V band is designed,which can scan in the range of azimuth plane ±60°. The cylindrical Luneberg lens antenna sample shows good antenna performance with fabrication and measurement. During the design process, the key techniques such as the extremely miniaturized antenna feed for cylindrical lens and the drill-hole fabrication of luneberg lens at higher-frequency section of mm-waves have been broken through.Fourthly, the studies on novel large sized low-profile multi-beam cylindrical luneberg lens antenna array techniques are presented. A low cost cylindrical luneberg lens antenna array at E band is designed and fabricated, which is capable of realizing two-dimensional beam scanning using a combination of switching and phased array techniques. The measured results show that this antenna array has the ability to cover ±30°on the horizontal and ±30° on the vertical, while the antenna array gain is better than 30dBi.Finally, a novel circularly polarized planar Luneberg lens antenna is presented,which can be used in mm-wave wireless communication. This circularly polarized cylindrical Luneberg lens antenna is based on dielectric slab waveguide (DSW). The circularly polarized radiation is achieved by exciting TMO and TEO modes with 90°phase difference in DSW. The desired refractive index of Luneberg lens antenna is obtained by shaping the surface of dielectric slab. The circularly polarized cylindrical Luneberg lens antenna shows good antenna performance with fabrication and measurement. Moreover, this DSW cylindrical luneberg lens antenna can be extend to dual-polarized. |
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