| Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is a very significant research field at present, which has emerged as an effective solution for a wide range of applications, such as applications in industrial field, agriculture field, military field, and intelligent transportation field, as well as environmental protection field.Wireless sensor network consists of a large number of autonomous nodes equipped with sensing capabilities, wireless communication interfaces, and limited processing and energy resources, these nodes in network complete the tasks of sensing and transfering through mutual cooperation.Compared with traditional wireless network, WSN has significant different properties, such as communication link failures, memory and computational constraints, the most outstanding difference is the limited node energy. Therefore the design of an energy-efficient and scalable routing protocol is a crucial concern for WSN applications. The node mainly powered by a battery which could not be replaced in many occasions. Therefore the design of an energy-efficient and scalable routing protocol is a crucial concern for WSN.Most of the existing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks mainly focus on the quality of network services, while few attention has been paid on the effective utilization of node energy. In this paper, we first make a summary on senser routing algorithms. Based on this summary, we then introduce the ant colony algorithm(ACO) based on biological characteristics into wireless sensor networks routing. Since ACO has the characteristics of parallelism, positive feedback and high robustness, it could help to reduce the energy consumption of routing nodes in the search process.Firstly, according to the research status of WSN, the architecture and core techniques of WSN, we summarize the challenges of the research for WSN and the design requirement of routing protocol, and analyzes the reason of introduing ant colony algorithm into WSN.Secondly, we describe the basic principles and the development of ACO, and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the algorithm.We improve initial configuration of the global pheromone, the local pheromone update rule and the behavior of backward ant on existing ACO, then analyzes the advantages in WSN routing.Finally, we introduce the improved ant colony algorithm into the design of routing protocols, then propose an enhanced ant-colony routing protocol for WSN(E-ACRP). In E-ACRP, we present the model of transmission, the structure of data packet, routing rule, and transmission rule, encourage rule, pheromone-updating rule and so on. In order to verify the performance of E-ACRP, this paper introduces an ant-colony routing protocol for WSN based on Max-Min ant system(MMAS) proposed in the previous research. Through simulations, the network performance is evalutated and the results demonstrate that E-ACRP outperforms ACRP in terms of energy efficiency, energy consumption balance, rounting and packet delivery rate. |
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