Research On The Dynamic Optimal Dispatching Of Emergency Supplies

Sudden disasters such as natural disasters and public health incidents frequently occur in our country and in the world, which causes a great damage on the living environment and social economy. To cope with them, it is urgent to research emergency management and related decision-making system. Emergency supplies dispatching, as an important branch of emergency management and emergency logistics, has become a research focus at home and abroad because it is a key point in the rescue of sudden disasters.Domestic and foreign researches on emergency supplies dispatching issues are mostly based on static dispatching, usually failing to consider the influence caused by the development of future disasters. Compared with the supplies dispatching of common logistics, the dispatching of emergency logistics has the characteristics of uncertainty, irreplaceability, timeliness and hysteresis, which determines the specificity of dynamic dispatching of emergency supplies. According to its characteristics, this thesis studies emergency supplies dispatching, setting as its goal improving dispatching efficiency in sudden incidents and meeting the supplies demands of emergency areas. The main innovations and contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)On account of the uncertainty and timeliness of emergency supplies dispatching, a system framework of dynamic dispatching of emergency supplies based on real-time bidirectional feedback mechanism is built, which can effectively cope with emergency supplies dispatching issues.In the process of existing emergency logistics dispatching, informationization level is difficult to meet the needs of emergency states. It is very necessary to master the precise and real-time relief demanding information, which is difficult to be done currently. Therefore, how to get the effective real-time information is worth studying. The thesis establishes an emergency supplies dispatching system framework whose core is dispatching center. Using GPS, Internet of Things and other existing technologies, it collects the real-time information of transit emergency vehicles and key nodes in road network, and transfers it to the dispatching center. The dispatching center adjusts the optimal route in time according to the real-time information and assigns the current optimal route to the corresponding emergency vehicle in transit. The dynamic dispatching system of emergency supplies based on real-time bidirectional feedback mechanism makes transport routes more flexible and delivery of goods timelier, thus achieving the purpose of serving the emergency supplies within the shortest time.(2)Based on the characteristics that emergency supplies centers are widespread, this thesis proposes an algorithm for supplies repository site selection in view of coverage time, also optimizes emergency supplies centers distribution and provides a solid foundation for dispatching emergency supplies rapidly.The problems that current emergency supplies depository are insufficient and maldistributed is no advantage to emergency supplies' timely dispatchment. On the basis of current emergency supplies depository and history disaster information of study area, this thesis establishes a batch of temporary supplies depositories, which could make the certain number of supplies depositories in the area in question not only meet the supplies demands of the whole area, but also provide service for hazard-prone areas.When disaster happens, appropriate temporary supplies depository could be chosen and be used to dispatch supplies for one certain or different affected areas, or several supplies depository could be chosen and be used to dispatch for one certain affected area collaboratively. This greatly shorten assembly time in emergency supplies dispatchment and meet the needs of affected areas.(3)Based on the dynamic tendency of dispatching road network for emergency supplies, this thesis proposes an algorithm for real-time dynamic road network optimization, to do real-time adjustment for the dispatching road network of emergency supplies, which ensures that supplies could be dispatched timely.Emergency logistics, to a great extent, is a dynamic process involving the interaction of different factors. So, its uncertainty and unexpectedness is really obvious, especially when transportation dispatching is highly dependent on the real-time situation of road network, while most of current researches have converted this issue into static one. This thesis constructs a dynamic dispatching strategy of emergency supplies, which has the feathers of supporting real-time variants, two-way information feedback mechanism and priority levels, to real-time optimize dispatching road network, highly simulate real problems, enhance the dispatchment efficiency of emergency supplies and has some practical significance for dynamic dispatching researches on emergency supplies.By aiming at the characteristics of emergency logistics and combining some development feathers of disaster, this thesis designs a system framework for dynamic dispatchment of emergency supplies, presents a detailed mathematical model and its specific algorithm, optimizes road network algorithm and conducts simulation by combining cases and using simulation tool of NetLogo, and testifies the rationality of mathematical model and the efficiency of algorithm. The solution of dynamic dispatchment for emergency supplies in this thesis enhances efficiency of emergency supplies dispatchment, also has theoretical guiding significance on dynamic dispatchment for emergency relief areas. Its achievement could be expanded to some fields like general logistics management, Supply Chain Management, and so on, which possesses some adaptability and promotional value.