| With the development of the world economy,overseas education service trade has become an important field of international service trade.Although the scale of international students is increasing,the speed of development is not simultaneous.With the internationalization of education service trade,more and more students choose to study abroad.Overseas education,which was purchased by the national government initially,has gradually evolved into an important trade tool for increasing the amount of foreign trade in services.International education service trade has refined gradually as well,which has become a promising industry.Compared with the developed countries,China education service trade started relatively late.But in recent years with the increasingly growing number of foreign students,Chinese education service trade has also improved.The export of education service trade from China to America increased from $16 million in 2000 to$288 million in 2015.However,due to the poor quality and low spending of overseas education,there is a large gap between China and developed countries.Export from the United States to China increased from $907 million in 2000 to $11 billion 429 million in 2015,thus creating a deficit state and an unfavorable position in the global education service market.Therefore,analyzing the factors of China’s education service export,finding out the reasons,and putting forward the feasible proposals not only can improve the China’s current status in the global education service market,but also increase the amount of export.Overseas education service trade has been the main form of education service trade in recent years.Despite the growing number of foreign students and overseas students in China,the latter ones are growing faster than the former ones.China’s education service trade has the following characteristics:the scale of foreign students is expanding;overseas students mainly come from developing countries;the proportion of students with and without a degree is shrinking;most foreign students are at their own expense,but the government scholarships still occupy a certain proportion;The cost of studying abroad in China is lower than that of spending in developed countries,so that the export of education in China is less than the value of imports and is in deficit;Subject mainly concentrates on Chinese literature and Chinese medicine,etc.Overseas students show some features as follows:China is the world’s largest importer of education;the importing majors are many and varied;most overseas students are at their own expense.The high cost of studying abroad makes the China’s education import higher than export.The main point of this paper is to study the influencing factors of the export of education services in China,combining the qualitative and quantitative methods,theoretical analysis and empirical analysis.The whole paper consists of five parts.The first part describes the background and significance of research and literature on education service trade were classified into three aspects,then it points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper.The second part is the conceptual definition and theories which provides theoretical support for the later empirical analysis.The third part mainly analyzes the present situation of the export of Chinese education services.It is concluded that compared with the overseas education trade in the developed countries,the number of foreign students and overseas education export are in deficit,though the size of the foreign students is large.The fourth part focuses on the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the foreign student education service trade,divided into unilateral and bilateral factors.First,unilateral factors are divided into macroeconomic aspects(per capita GDP,family final consumption)and education input(enrollment rate of higher education,the number of the world’s top 500 universities,higher faculty compensation,public education expenditure).Bilateral factors include geographical distance,cultural distance,a common language,colony,and all factors were studied in terms of the importer and exporter involved in the education service trade.Then there is no significant difference between China and the world average on unilateral effects when including the dummy variables for China and the interaction terms of China’s dummy variable and unilateral variables.However,there are significant differences between China and the world average on bilateral effects,especially on geography distance and culture distance.The fifth part,based on the empirical analysis of the fourth chapter,puts forward policy proposals to expand the export of education service in China.This paper finally puts forward some policy suggestions:to develop China’s economy,increase GDP per capita;increase the income of residents,expand the household final consumption;increase the government expenditure on education;improve the domestic university teaching quality,create a world-class university;build an excellent team of teachers,increase staff salaries;China play comparative advantage,promote overseas education service export to promote the internationalization of education.Compared with the previous literature,this paper innovation points are mainly concentrated in the following two points:first,this paper use unilateral and bilateral factors to study,avoiding the "Diamond Model" used by most scholars.Thus,the classification of the former six aspects is simplified into two aspects,which makes the classification of influencing factors being more clearly expressed.Second,in the selection of variables,this paper does not choose the number of foreign students in China as the explanatory variables like the former scholars,or choose the number of foreign students and annual tuition to calculate the amount of exports roughly.But this paper chooses the overseas consumption statistics Education-Related the trade data,by adopting the panel data cross 61 countries,from 1995 to 2015.In addition,the number and time span of the selected countries are large enough to better reflect the relationship between the explained variable and the explanatory variable.In addition,the author joins the Chinese virtual variables and crosses with unilateral and bilateral factors,and uses the least square of the panel,random effects and mixed effect model to conduct the empirical analysis. |
