The Study On The Asymmetry Of Orientation Words In Modern Chinese Dialects

Space is a category built by the human cognitive world.There are a lot of asymmetric phenomena in the dialects of modern Chinese dialects.Based on the 42 volumes in the Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects,this paper chooses "Shang","xia","qian","hou","li","zhong","nei","wai","left","right","east","west","south" and "north" Marking and empty symbol theory,the modern Chinese dialects to sort out the words and statistics.On the basis of predecessors,this paper analyzes the asymmetry phenomena in the Chinese dialects from the perspective of culture and cognition,respectively,and analyzes the asymmetric phenomena in the Chinese dialects.The way humans know the world is influenced by cognitive patterns and cultures,and the understanding of the concept of spatial orientation is also true.Through the analysis of the five words of "upper and lower","before","inside and outside","left and right","east and west",it is found that the asymmetry embodied in each group is not exactly the same Research is consistent,and some are contradictory to previous studies,there are still some unexplained phenomenon."Up and down" a group,"up and down" is the earliest known words.The data in Table 1 and Table 2 show that the "up and down" asymmetry conforms to the frequency criteria and the combination criteria,and also meets the combination criteria from the cultural point of view of "up and down".From the positive and negative opposition point of view,the "on" for the non-marked items,"under" for the marked items.In the "before and after" group,the statistical data in Table 1 does not match the frequency principle.The main reason is that there are a large number of words in the "post" category that represent the parts of the body,but not in the "pre";In the expression of human and animal body parts of the words,but also with the "post" to mark a large number of words,resulting in empty sign phenomenon;different dialects between the real name of the same name,and ultimately lead to Table 1 data anomalies.Table 2 data is consistent with the combination of rules,"before" for the non-marked items,"after" for the marked items.In the "inside and outside" group,the data in Table 1 also do not meet the frequency standard,but meet the aggregation criteria.The main reason for this phenomenon is that "inner,middle and middle" Have a strong ability to construct words.Kinship terms,because the immediate family members do not need to mark,and that the relationship between alienated "outside" has become a marked component.In addition,in the kinship,"inner" because "wife" meaning,so "inside" and "outside" synonymous,also said "home." "China" can be referred to as "China",so "outside" can also be "relative","foreign,foreign".In the "left and right" group,Table 1 data does not meet the frequency criteria because there is a large number of "left-handed" aliases,resulting in Table 1 data anomalies;Table 2 data conforms to the combination criteria.In addition there are some dialects with the "left","right" similar words,such as the right hand is also known as "hand,forehand",the left hand is called "hand,backhand,by hand,referral",these The name is related to the perception of the right and left hand of man.There are phenomena of respect for the right in the dialect,and there is also the phenomenon of respect for the left,which is related to the historical and cultural background and the relative positioning of the "left and right".From the traditional cultural cognition,"East" and "South" are unmarked,"West" and "North" are marked."Table 1 data does not support the frequency standard,Table 2 data is consistent with the combination of standards,resulting in Table 1 data anomalies because" West "as a mark,that foreign things,and the number of such words more,Oriental " constitute the word although also said that foreign things,but the number of less,and with the " West " for synonyms.Table 1,Table 2 shows "South","North" data neither meet the frequency standard,nor meet the combination of standards,in the dialect,the "South" named more names than "North" named names,the reason is unknown The From a cognitive point of view,things seem to be closer to the non-marked items,north and south for more than a long distance,and become marked.