The Jing Lake Theater Military Leading System Development And Changes Of The Song Dynasty

Military leading system is the core content of military system,including top military officer,set-up of military command structure,official positions and division of functions and powers.As the important part of the defense system in the Southern Song Dynasty,Jing Lake Theater military leading system has vast transforming history,which typically reflects characteristics of the local military system development in Southern Song.To study the transforming history of the Jing Lake Theater military leading system is an important way to understand the establishment and development of the military system in Southern Song,and it's the prerequisite to study the military history of Southern Song,specially to study the history of warfare against Jin and Yuan?Mongolian?.In this paper,based on analysis of the national defense situation in each period of the Southern Song,and through the analysis of militarily power contention between the central and local,this paper aims at tracing out the characteristics of the Jing Lake Theater military leading system development and changes and its internal logic.In the early years of Jianyan,Shaoxing period in Southern Song,the national defense situation was tense,and redundant military officers were appointed in Jing Lake Theater,and each armed forces refused to enter joint defense.Because of the Southern Song central government's inefficient management over the each armed forces,there was no such military system to united the army.In the 6^th,7^thyear of Shaoxing period,Yue Fei was appointed as the Jingxi Xuanfushi,Hubei Xuanfushi,Zhixuanfusi after hissuccessful northern expedition,the“Xuanfushi-Zhutong”Leading system was formed.Many years thereafter,with the increasing phenomenon of militarily officers held the military power,military strength was significantly enhanced and the pressure of national defense was gradually alleviated.Under the opportunity of the Peace Negotiation between the Southern Song and Jin,The three major military officers'power was recalled by the Southern Song central government,which removed the threat of military officers'power to the centralized Southern Song government.Southern Song government abolished the positions,such as Xuanfushi,Zhizhishi etc except Anwushi.Therefore,Ezhou Dutongsi became the top military organization in Jing Lake Theater.From the last year of Shaoxing period to Kaixi Northern Expedition,influenced by the Hailing King's southward invasion and emperor Xiaozong's military system reform,the military officers such as Xuanfushi,Zhizhishi,etc were restored,but shortly thereafter,abolished again.The military power was mainly held by the Dutongsi,and the local governor was also concurrently hold by Dutongsi,and garrison were controlled by Anfushi,therefore the military power of the Xuanfusi overlaped with that of Anfushi.Secondly,Jingnanfu?Jianglingfu?garrison and Jiangzhou garrison were established in the 31^st year of Shaoxing period,and vice Dutong was created for palace army in 3^rdyear of Qiandao period,which enriched the scope and content of top army-commanding structure in theater and formed the innovation for local top army-commanding system.From Kaixi Northern Expedition to the last year of Ningzong period,the rise of the Mongolian Yuan which changed the situation and course of relationship between Song and Jin,wars erupted frequently between Song and Jin,the military power of Zhizhishi was greatly raised.With the normalization of Zhizhisi in Jing Lake theater,and its integrated military power to command all the garrison was strengthened,finally this more mature secondary army-commanding structure,“Zhizhisi-Dutongsi”was formed.Defense pressure was greatly increased in late Southern Song,the situation of resistance against Jin's invasion became more and more severe,which made the troops moved frequently.The key defense location was northward moved from belt along river to central area between Yang-tze and Huai Rivers.Xiangyangfu's military position was greatly upgraded,which surpassed the Ezhou Dutongsi and became the first important military base.With the normalization of controlled garrison system and Dutong system,the result shows that the trend of military-political integration emerged in local secondary army-commanding structure.All the garrison'military strength was weakened,more Dutong officers were appointed than necessary,new armies were established,which formed diversified development of top army-commanding structure.As the national defense situation became worse,and influenced by the policy of elevating the civilian official and debasing the military officer,civilian official became the military commandant.