Research On Military Defense System Of Jing Xiang War Zone In Southern Song Dynasty

Since the defeat of the southern song in the battle to recover the three capitals in1234 and the official war between the Song and the Mongols,the Song dynasty has continued its experience in fighting the golden cavalry and divided the territory from west to east into three war zones,namely the Sichuan war zone,jingxiang war zone(also known as the jinghu war zone)and the jianghuai war zone.According to the geographical location and topographic conditions of various war zones,the defense work against Mongolia was actively planned.JingXiang theater is located in the Yangtze river area,area generally include parts of Hubei province and Henan province today,is different from Sichuan's mountainous and jianghuai river,JingXiang theater in plain area is broad,including duct should be plain and jianghan plain,the west is tall mountains,rolling hills,the northeast distribution overall terrain presents the trend of the west and low in.According to the terrain,jingxiang theater formed its own defensive characteristics and defensive focus(xiangyang,ezhou,jiangling).Xiangyang and jiangling adopted this method if they wanted to defend the plain properly,because it was safe to defend it.Ezhou is located on the side of the Yangtze river,the mouth of the lower reaches of the Yangtze river,but also a collection of tributaries.Therefore,the river defense.In terms of troop deployment,due to the long border line of the southern song dynasty and the early and middle stages of the song and Mongolian wars,the importance of jingxiang theater did not attract enough attention compared with the sichuan and jianghuai war zones.Therefore,the number of troops stationed in jingxiang theater was always small,and sometimes the war rose abruptly,and troops had to be transferred from other places.In terms of the system of local unified army,the late southern song dynasty witnessed frequent changes.Sometimes the army was under the control of the local governments of prefectures and counties.In terms of the position of jingxiang theater in the national defense strategy,the author believes that,compared with its own defense,the Song dynasty attaches more importance to its function of defending east and west,contacting Wu,Shu,and coordinating Sichuan and huai rivers.Through Jingxiang war zone,the three war zones are connected.Relying on the mobile joint defense of the three war zones,the song dynasty turned the corner many times in the war against the mongols(yuan).However,due to the defects of the system itself and the fact that the government did not deal with the contradictions among the generals in the border regions and all kinds of emergencies,the advantage of joint defense in the war zone was not fully exerted.