The Research Of The Military Leading System Of The Southern Song Dynasty

Military system is the basic segment of the national system of the southern song dynasty. Because of the internal and external changes, while inheriting the old system of the northern song dynasty, the southern song dynasty adjusted it in many ways, so its is different from the northern song dynasty and showed many characters. This dissertation try to discover this change and its function and influence depending on studying the military leading system which construct of the basic part of the military system of the southern song dynasty.The text is made of five chapters. The first chapter study the central military leading system of the southern Song dynasty. The central military leading system of the southern Song dynasty basicly inherited the construction of the northern song dynasty, according to the system design, privy council and Sansheng control the administrative and military powers separately, but in the state of impelmenting, the leaders and assistants of the two government departments hold a concurrent post each other for long time which almost last to the whole period of the dynasty, further more, the leaders of the two government departments discuss the state affairs together for a long-term and became a normal practice. So the old construction were broken.As to the decision-making and implementing ways of the central military system, it made the military power were centralized because/of the establishment of Jisufang and the destruction of examining system of the central policy-making, which influenced the administrative and military construction of the dynasty in the whole.The second chapter, the third one and fourth one mainly discuss the local military leading system of the southern song dynasty, which be divided into three periods. The former period begin from the building of the dynasty to the the signing of shaoing peace treaty, the midle period begin the signing of shaoxing peace treaty, last to the kaixi war, the late period begin from the kaixi war and continue to the end of dynasty.During the former period, from the building of the dynasty to the june in the fourth year which be called jianyan, the southern song dynasty maintained the old system, big reform of the military institution were not carried out, the biggest act was to spread the the military institution which be called anfushi, but its power were not enlarged, the military institution which be called anfushi is the main body of the local national defense structure, the military institution which be called zhizhishi assisted, dongjing liushousi and yuyingsi made a important role in the local military leading system.Ater june of the fourth year which be called jianyan, another military institution called zhenfushi was built on the front area, and the old system was be maintained in other areas. Through researching the relationship between zhenfushi and other military institutions and the military power of the anfushi in the south of the yangzhi river, the text regard that the intention of the institution-building is to put down the internal revolts, and take the defense in the second place.From the september of the third year which be called shaoxing, the military system that power were controled by several generals began to form, and matured in the fifth year called shaoxing; It is that the stabilization of the defense area of the generals, the guiding power on using the military and the centralization of the army construct of the features of the system.In the middle period, the main force were manged by the military body called dutongzhisi and sanya, and a institution called zonglingsuo were established to supply the needs of the army. Zonglingsuo had the power and duty to report the conditions of the army, and had the power to supervise and examine the solider-recruiting and promoting of the officers. Zonglingsuo and dutongzhisi construct of the basic structure that the central government to control the army, Dutongzhisi and sanya hold the army but do not have the power to move the army, the power of anfushi is weak, when it has the need to move the army during the war, the central government appoint temporary commanders such as zhizhishi. Because of the special conditions of Sichuan area, the institution called anfuzhizhshi and xuanfushi were established for long time, which both controled the military and administrative powers. Beside of the Sichuan areas, the features of the military leading system during the period can be summarized a sentence that "the military power are controlled by different institutions". After the war against the Jin dynasty during the xiaozng periods, the movement of defense point of the army became a normal state, which caused the change of the relationship of those military institutions, the leaders of the prefecture and anfushi in the defense areas attained more military power.,During the later period, for the consecutive war, the setting of the local military institution greatly changed. The character is that the centralization and decentralization of the military system exist together. While the institutions such as xuanfusi and dufu and zhizhishi were built to command the army in large areas, and enforce the relationship between large areas by other ways such as building some institution that called ceyingsi and jiezhisi; in the same times, in the theater of operations, some institutions with responsibility for small areas were built, and the local cantos began to build the institution that called jiezhisi to command the army that settled in their popedom.The fifth chapter is to research the viceroy system, viceroy of the southern Song dynasty is divided into dufu and dushi which was established during the war, the leader of the two institutions basicly were actedas by the leders of privy council and Sansheng, and the viceroy had great powers such as military power, financial power and the administrative power. The viceroy of the southern song dynasty was the result of super centralization during the war which embody the flexibility of the central government to command the war.