The Study Of Cultural Hegemony Ideology Of Gramsci

Antonio Gramsci was not only the founder of the Communist Party of Italy, a great anti-fascist fighter, a proletarian revolutionary, but also one of the most prominent theorist of Italian Marxist. The cultural hegemony ideology of Gramsci was written in the war years in Italy. Gramsci's theory pointed to achieve national independence and united country because of the unrest political situation in that time.The cultural hegemony theory of Gramsci mainly came from the theory of Machiavelli, Labriola, Croce and other philosophers in Italy. The most profound effect on the theory of Gramsci was the theory of "political leadership" of Lenin,besides the Marxist theorists of Marx and Engels. Gramsci believed that the premise of seizing the victory of the revolution was the cultural hegemony. In order to reach that, it was important to achieve the collective will of the "agree" under the ideological guidance among the masses of the proletariat in the civil society. The masses should be educated in order to reform their concepts of ideology by "positional warfare" under the leader of "organic intellectual". In order to through the non-violent, long-term cultural infiltration helped to collapse the bourgeois ideology,and to win the final victory of the proletarian revolution. Marx believed that the mode of production to a certain extent, the conditions of the revolution of the material in the presence were ripened, the proletariat could combine the means of violence and non-violent, which meant that the social ideology would be transformed, all existing social system would be overthrew, and the proletarian power would be established.Revolutionary subject was belonged the people, the people would be the leader of the development in the social history.The cultural hegemony ideology of Gramsci had its unique value, made an indelible contribution to a certain extent on the development on Marxism. However,there were also lots of shortcomings. There were many places which were contrary to historical materialism by Marx. For instant, there were too much emphasis on the awareness in people. The substance of the theory was idealism in which it reversed the concept of Practice and Awareness. In addition, the theory ignored the foundationof the social economic of seizing the regime, instead of relying on the "pseudorevolutionary" path of "positional warfare". Furthermore, it was also denial of the people as the main creators of history, and attempted to constitute the social ruling class by the "organic intellectual" and etc,. The essence of the cultural hegemony ideology of Gramsci was an idealist philosophy, it made a defense of the capitalist countries. The current study explored that the dilemma of the cultural hegemony ideology of Gramsci was not to negate it only. The study hopefully aimed to make the academics to face with the pros and cons of the cultural hegemony ideology of Gramsci, avoiding the misunderstanding of the historical materialism by Marx. It was important to use a dialectical way to resolution the basic theory of Western Marxism nowadays, make a the further development of Marxism.