Study On The Effect Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Vegetables Shed On The Health Of Operators

Objective: To understand the situation about the vegetables with heavy metal pollution in greenhouses of Yinchuan,and to discuss the relationship between the heavy metal pollution and the health of operators in greenhouses.To provide the basis theoretical data for the safe agriculture products in greenhouses and the health of operators.Methods: Purposive sampling method used to selecte four villages around Yinchuan,including 118 greenhouses and 315 operators during 2015~2017.Then tested Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn in greenhouses' soil,vegetables and operators' hair.Samples in control groups were consists of 84 soil samples and 416 people.Face to face questionnaire method was used to obtain the demographic characteristics,occupations and diseases of people.Then carried out physical examination to acquire heath related information.Considering the content of heavy mental,questionnaire information and health examination,Univariate anslysis and Multifactor Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the healh realted factors of operators.Results: 1.Heavy metal contamination in vegetable greenhouses During 2015~2017,the contents of Cd,Pb and Zn in 118 soil samples exceeded the standard,with the maximum exceeding rates of 89.47%,2.63% and 71.05%,respectively.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in the greenhouse were higher than those in the greenhouse soil(P <0.05).Comprehensive analysis of soil pollution found that there was serious pollution with Cd and Zn.During 2016~2017,the contents of Cr,Pb and Zn were over-standard in 80 samples of greenhouse,the maximum exceeding rates were 5%,5% and 2.5%,respectively.Cr was polluted seriously in the comprehensive analysis,the pollution level of Pb was mild.During 2016~2017,the median value of heavy metal content of non-operating workers outside the shed was used to evaluate the over-standard conditions of heavy metal in hair.The results showed that Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn of 60 samples were over-standard,with the rates reaching 67.50%,45.00%,67.5%,72.5%,and 90%,respectively.Correlation analysis of heavy metals in soil and vegetables showed that Cd were positively correlated with Cu(r=0.401),while Cr in soil is negatively correlated with Pb in vegetables(r =-0.265),Pb in soil and Zn in vegetables(r =-0.257),Correlation analysis of heavy metals in vegetables and hairs showed that Cr in vegetables and Cd in hair samples(r =-0.289),Pb in vegetables and Cd in hair samples(r =-0.309),and Pb in vegetables and Pb in hair samples(r =-0.321).2,Shed operator health status Among the 315 respondents,there were 173 males and 142 females,after stratificating the age,the age range from 40 to 50 accounted for the most(33.33%).The education level of the population was mainly junior high school and below(92.70%);smoking(43.17%)and drinking rates(40.95%)were higher.The greenhouses were planted in 9.26 years on average,the per capita shed area was 4.13 mu,and the average daily working time was 5.88 hours.Among 315 indoor workers,17(5.40 %)complained of cardiovascular diseases,28(8.89 %)suffered from digestive system diseases and 17(5.40 %)from respiratory system diseases.Among 416 non-workers in the shed,14(3.37 %)complained of cardiovascular diseases,22(5.92 %)suffered from digestive diseases,and 13(3.13 %).suffered from respiratory diseases Among 111 people who took part in the physical examination in the shed,34(30.63 %)had abnormal ECG,30(27.03 %)had abnormal b ultrasound in the whole abdomen and 13(11.71 %)had abnormal chest penetration.Among 87 people who did not work outside the shed,24(27.59 %)had abnormal ECG,33(37.93 %)had abnormal b ultrasound in the whole abdomen,all subjects with normal chest penetration.According to the comprehensive complaint of illness and medical examination information,any one or more complaints of illness or abnormal medical examination means that the system is unhealthy.among 111 working people in the shed,37(33.33 %)suffer from cardiovascular diseases,39(35.13 %)suffer from digestive diseases and 17(15.31 %)suffer from respiratory diseases.Among 87 non-workers outside the shed,25(28.74 %)suffered from cardiovascular diseases,37(42.53%)from digestive diseases and 1(1.15 %)from respiratory diseases.Under controlling the other variables the unconditional logistic regression ayalysis showed the prevalence of respiratory system of workers in shed higher than out of shed.3,Analysis of Influencing Factors of Workers' Health in Sheds By chi-square test,t-test and fisher exact probability analysis,found that there were statistically significant differences in cardiovascular diseases among the number of years of planting greenhouses and the average working hours per day(p < 0.05).multivariate logistic analysis showed that the protective factors of cardiovascular diseases was soil Cd content(OR = 0.129,95 % CI = 0.020 ~ 0.818).Zn content in soil is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases(OR= 1.004,95 % CI = 1.000 ~ 1.008).By chi-square test,t-test and fisher exact probability analysis,it was found that there were statistically significant differences in digestive system diseases between groups of factors of drinking(p < 0.05).multivariate logistic analysis showed that age was the risk factors of digestive system diseases(OR=1.065,95%CI=1.007~ 1.127).The protective factor of digestive diseases was planting years of greenhouse s(OR=0.882,95%CI=0.785 ~ 0.991).By chi-square test,t-test and fisher exact probability analysis,found that there were statistically significant differences in respiratory diseases among groups with factors such as educational level,average working days and soil Pb content(p < 0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the protective factors of respiratory diseases were educational level(OR = 0.182,95 % CI= 0.058 ~ 0.568),annual average working days(OR = 0.346,95 % CI = 0.126 ~ 0.956),and Pb content in soil(OR= 0.742,95 % CI = 0.616~ 0.894).The risk factors of respiratory diseases are soil Cr content(OR = 1.158,95 % CI = 1.031 ~ 1.302),and soil Zn content(OR = 1.009,95 % CI = 1.002~ 1.016).Conclusions: 1.The contents of Cd,Pb and Zn in the soil of vegetable greenhouses in Yinchuan suburb exceeded the standard,and the pollution of Cd and Zn was serious.Cr,Pb and Zn metal elements in vegetables in the shed exceeded the standard,and Cr pollution was serious.The contents of Cu and Zn in hair samples of workers in the shed were higher than those of non-workers outside the shed.2.the prevalence of respiratory system of workers in vegetable greenhouses in Yinchuan suburb was higher than non-workers outside the greenhouses.Cd and Zn in the soil in the shed were influencing factors of cardiovascular system health of workers in the shed.age,and planting years of greenhouse were influencing factors of digestive system health of workers in the shed.Education level,annual average working days and Cr,Pb and Zn in the soil in the shed are the influencing factors of respiratory health of workers in the shed.