Research On Detection And Hazards Of Heavy Metals In Workplaces

With the growing process of industrialization day after day,people have been paid moreand more attention on heavy metals’ pollutions in the workplace. In this paper, self-designedand developed a set of heavy metal analysis instrument system,Studied some methods ofheavy metals’ tests and the internal mechanism of mercury film electrode, and tested heavymetals’ content in the gas within a workplace.(1)Researched and developmented portable hardware of heavy metal analysis equipmentindependently,and developed a user-friendly software operating system for heavy metalanalysis based on the LabVIEW’s platform.It can achieve functions about combination ofvarious methods of electrochemical experiments, experimental data is saved in real timeautomatically, intuitive view of3D testing graphics and so on.(2) Observed changes on adhesion state of Mercury film on the electrode surface withthe coating time, and discussed the changes of mercury film thickness and electrical doublelayer state in the testing process. Experimental results show that when mercury ions arereduced to small mercury droplets,they are attached to the surface of the electroderandomly,mercury film can be more evenly distributed on the surface of the electrode whenpre plating mercury film240s,the experiment selected the coating time is240s；After coating240s, mercury film electrode can directly enter the test steady state,and more heavy metalions can be deposited in unit time, get the large stripping peak area of heavy metal ion, thetest has a high sensitivity and reproducibility, mercury film electrode can be continued forabout50tests, and improved the service life of the mercury film electrode; At the same time,detection of zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, mercury ion limit was0.1μ g/L by using differentialpulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) under the optimum experimental conditions, detectionrange is0.1~2000μg/L. Heavy metal content of copper sample is determined by DPSV,compared with the atomic absorption method, the results deviation does not exceed5%, themethod has advantages of simple operation, low cost, high sensitivity, good accuracy, and itcan be used for the analysis of online detection of heavy metals in the workplace(3) Studies a method of detection of zinc, lead, cadmium by rapid scan anodic strippingvoltammetry. Experimental results show that, in the stripping test stage, high speed scanningcausing the rate of each tiny linear staircase pulse voltage,up to10～500V/s, under certaincircumstances the electrode double layer capacitance, the dissolution current is improved, thetest effect was the best when the scanning speed is10V/s;Because of high scanning speed,the number of electron that throught the surface of the electrode increased in unit of time,improved the sensitivity of the test, concentration of heavy metal ions and the stripping peakarea showed a good linear relationship in0.1～2000μg/L by this way, the linear correlationcoefficients are all greater than0.999,and the detection limit is0.05μ g/L. Heavy metalcontent of copper sample is determined by rapid scan anodic stripping voltammetry, comparedwith the atomic absorption method,it has a good result, the method has advantages of simpleoperation, low cost, high sensitivity, good accuracy, it has certain practical significance to theonline detection and analysis of heavy metals in the workplace. (4) Heavy metal content of lead storage battery factory production workshop in the airhave been tested by using the above method,and a simple health risk assessment were made,the results show that Cd and Pb of the lead acid battery factory workplace air have thegreatest potential threat to human health.