| Objective:(1)To investigate and analyze the current status and influencing factors of the knowledge,attitude,behavior of health food among the elderly in Taiyuan pension institutions;(2)Based on the results of current investigations,under the guidance of the theory of knowledge-attitude-practice,we formulated and implemented a nursing intervention program to improve the health foods of the elderly,and explored the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of health foods for the elderly.The influence will provide a reference for guiding the elderly to use health products scientifically,correctly and rationally.Methods:This study includes two stages of status investigation and nursing intervention.The investigation stage: With the framework of the knowledge-attitude-practice theory,we reviewed domestic and foreign literature,compiled health-related knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaires on our own,and formed formal survey questionnaires through expert consultation and pre-investigation.Using the convenience sampling method of non-probability sampling,300 elderly people over 60 years old from five old-age institutions in Taiyuan were selected as the survey objects.The survey was conducted using general information questionnaires,health-related knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaires,and seniors purchasing and taking health products questionnaires as research tools.The team members conducted one-on-one surveys on the elderly after they had undergone unified training,and mastered the knowledge,attitude and behavior of the elderly health foods,as well as the influencing factors.At the end of the survey,statistical analysis was conducted on the data.The nursing intervention research stage: The nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in the design of quasi-experimental study and the screening subjects were divided into an intervention group(45 cases)and control group(41cases)according to their institution.The control group carried out routine nursing activities of the nursing institutions;and the intervention group implemented a nursing intervention program based on the knowledge-attitude-practice theory and introduced the knowledge of health foods to the elderly in the form of health talks,scenario simulation,and group discussions.Three months later,the effect of the intervention was assessed.The general data of the two groups were compared using of chi-square test to compare the comparability of the subjects.The subjects' knowledge-belief-relationships were analyzed using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test.Results:(1)At the investigation stage,a total of 300 questionnaires were issued,287 were retrieved,the effective rate of the questionnaire was 95.67%,and the average age of the aged in five old-age institutions was(73.98±9.34)years.(2)The elderly health foods knowledge of nursing home institutions was(19.44±3.28)points,the attitude score was(51.65±3.53)points,and the behavioral score was(20.66±3.07)points;Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude(r=0.131,P=0.026),knowledge and behavior(r=0.237,P=0.000),attitude and behavior(r=0.126,P=0.033).(3)The analysis of influencing factors: Pre-retirement occupations,educational level,chronic disease,and knowledge acquisition methods had different scores in the knowledge,attitude,and behavior of health foods,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The two variables,age and economic level,only had an impact on knowledge scores.Influencing factors with statistical differences in single factor results were included in the stepwise linear regression analysis,including age,income,pre-retirement occupation,education level,chronic disease,and knowledge acquisition pathways.Six influential factors can explain health product knowledge score.41.9% of the variance;Occupation,education,chronic disease,and knowledge pathways accounted for 17.7% of the total variance in attitude score;28.9% of the total variance was explained for behavioral score.(4)Purchase and use of health foods: 61.32% of seniors purchased health products themselves;49.13% of elderly people's consumption of health products in the past year is between 1000 and 3,000 yuan.45.30% of the elderly think that their physical condition needs to take health foods to regulate their body.68.30% of seniors purchase health products through TV,telephone order,and drugstores.The health products that are often purchased by the elderly mainly include trace elements such as immunity enhancement,blood pressure lowering(blood fat,blood sugar)and vitamin supplements,accounting for 72.82%,65.31%,and 66.59%,respectively;In terms of access to health care products,TV broadcasts,magazine publications,and sales staff accounted for the majority,accounting for 27.53%,20.91%,and 26.48%,respectively,and the remaining 30% came from relatives,friends,or medical personnel.(5)Before intervention,there was no statistical difference between the intervention group and the control group in the general demographic data,health food knowledge,attitude,and behavior scores between the intervention group and the control group(P>0.05).After the intervention,the knowledge,attitude,and behavior of health foods in the intervention group was significantly higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.The scores of knowledge,attitude,and behavior of health foods in the intervention group were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the differences was statistically significant(P<0.05).The intervention rate of the health foods in the intervention group decreased after intervention,and the number of health foods was reduced.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)There is a high rate of use of health foods for the elderly in the pension institutions,and the attitude is relatively positive.However,there is a lack of knowledge about health products,there is a considerable degree of misunderstandings,and the behavior is not good.Therefore,it is very important for the elderly to improve the rational use of health products in the elderly.(2)The factors that affect the knowledge,attitude and practice of healthy food in the elderly include education,occupation,chronic diseases and knowledge acquisition and the pension institutions should give early and targeted guidance to specific factors.(3)The nursing intervention programs based on the knowledge-attitude-practice theory can improve the level of knowledge,attitude and behavior of elderly health foods to a certain extent,correct the misconceptions of the elderly on health products,promote changes in their unhealthy behaviors,and help them form science.Correct,rational health knowledge structure. |
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