A Case-control Study On The Influence Factors Of Overweight And Obesity Among Freshmen In A University

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of knowledge,attitudes and dietary behaviors related to overweight and obesity among freshmen in a University.To analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity,to provide a scientific reference for improving the health status of university students,developing a good diet lifestyle,and early prevention and intervention of obesity.MethodsAccording to the physical examination results of freshmen at a university in Xinxiang City,215 people with overweight or obesity(BMI?24kg/m~2)were randomly selected.A frequency-matched case-control study was used.Gender was used as matching variables to randomly select 215 control subjects(BMI<24 kg/m~2).The final survey completed 402people.Physical examinations and questionnaires on health-related behaviors were performed for the two groups of freshmen.The questionnaire was designed on the basis of reference to obesity-related data.The content consists of basic socio-demographic characteristics,family,obesity-related health knowledge,attitudes,behaviors,and physical examination.The respondents should truthfully fill in the information and retract it.Physical measurements are measured and recorded by trained investigators.After all the survey data were checked and passed,they were recorded using Epidata 3.1.The data analysis was analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software.The statistical methods included descriptive statistical analysis,Single factor chi-square test,and logistic regression analysis.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results1.The overall situation of overweight and obese freshmen.The school headquarters has a total of 5925 freshmen,including 2,705 boys and3,220 girls.The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 14.40%,of which the overall overweight rate was 10.75%,the overweight rate for boys was 14.01%,the overweight rate for girls was 8.01%;the overall obesity rate was 3.65%,the obesity rate for boys was6.10%,and the obesity rate for girls was 1.58%.2.Analysis of social demographic characteristics and family environment risk factors of obese and overweight university studentsUnivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the overweight and obesity among freshmen in a university in Xinxiang were related to one-child(OR=1.973,95%CI:1.154~3.372),father's obesity(OR=3.972,95%CI:2.022~7.802),mother's obesity(OR=4.447,95%CI:2.102~9.407)and parental obesity(OR=5.738,95%CI:1.586~20.763).Family residence,parental education,and individual monthly consumption levels were not associated with overweight or obesity(P>0.05).3.Analysis of related behavioral risk factors of overweight and obese university students.There is a lack of freshmen's health knowledge.There are only two issues in the awareness rate of more than 60%.The rate of awareness of the worst answer was only 2%.The difference between the overweight and obesity group and the control group in the correct understanding of their own body size was statistically significant(?2=4.653,P=0.031).In terms of health-related behaviors,univariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking carbonated drinks(OR=4.360,95%CI:1.802~10.548),fruit juice(OR=2.732,95%CI:1.451~4.144),fried foods?3 times a week(OR=1.812,95%CI:1.166~2.817),and breakfast frequency<2 times a week(OR=1.846,95%CI:1.036~3.291)were risk factors for overweight and obesity.Faster meal(OR=2.385,95%CI:1.503~3.786)and very fast(OR=4.278,95%CI:1.988~9.203)were positive and correlated with risk factors for overweight and obesity.There is a positive correlation and the faster the meal,the higher the risk of overweight and obesity.Pre-screen static behaviors such as watching TV,playing computer or video games for about 2 hours per day(OR=1.915,95%CI:1.012~3.626)and>5 hours per day(OR=2.326,95%CI:1.036~5.226)are risk factors for overweight and obesity.exercise more than 4 times a week(OR=0.272,95%CI:0.105~0.706)and duration of exercise>60 minutes/time(OR=0.479,95%CI:0.273~0.839)were protective factors for overweight and obesity.The effect of smoking and drinking on overweight and obesity was not significant(P>0.05).4.Multivariate analysis of the influence factors of different obesity types.A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether overweight and obesity were the dependent variables.The results showed that,father's obesity(OR=4.046,95%CI:1.874~8.736),mother's obesity(OR=5.626,95%CI:2.393~13.223),parental obesity(OR=4.575,95%CI:1.153~18.148),only children(OR=1.820,95%CI:0.990~3.347),carbonated drinks(OR=3.488,95%CI:1.339~9.084),juice(OR=2.276,95%CI:1.105~4.687),fried foods?3 times a week(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.180~3.360),eating fast(OR=1.999,95%CI:1.194~3.347),fast(OR=3.936,95%CI:1.663~9.318),Pre-screen static behaviors such as watching TV,playing computer or video games for about 2 hours per day(OR=1.673,95%CI:1.023~2.736)is overweight Risk factors for obesity.Slower eating(OR=0.357,95%CI:0.167~0.765),exercise more than 4 times a week(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.212~0.666),and occasional drinking(OR=0.532,95%CI:0.323~0.877)are protective factors for overweight and obesity.Central obesity logistic regression analysis results show that rural area(OR=0.409,95%CI:0.240~0.698),consumption of more than 1,000 Yuan(OR=0.390,95%CI:0.208~0.732),slower meal rate(OR=0.346,95%CI:0.166~0.723),and exercise more than4 times a week(OR=0.275,95%CI:0.144~0.526),30 to 60 minutes of exercise(OR=0.474,95%CI:0.268~0.840),60 minutes of exercise(OR=0.181,95%CI:0.086~0.382),and occasional drinking(OR=0.303,95%CI:0.177~0.519)were protective factors of central obesity.Father's obesity(OR=4.866,95%CI:2.208~10.723),mother's obesity(OR=8.176,95%CI:3.319~20.138),parental obesity(OR=5.232,95%CI:1.389~19.710),carbonated drinks(OR=2.655,95%CI:1.014~6.951),fried foods?3 times a week(OR=1.799,95%CI:1.045~3.098),seldom eating vegetables(OR=2.877,95%CI:1.447~5.720),and regular smoking(OR=2.561,95%CI:1.015~6.460)are risk factors for central obesity.Conclusion1.The family environment has a non-negligible impact on the occurrence of overweight or obesity.Obesity in parents and one-child families are risk factors for being overweight or obese.2.The dietary factors that affect overweight or obesity include frequent drinking of carbonated beverages and fruit juices,frequent eating of fried foods,fast meals,and little breakfast.3.Exercise intensity and exercise capacity are protective factors for overweight and obesity.Regular participation in sports helps reduce weight.