| Objective: Halitosis is defined as bad breath of mouth when breathing,according to the survey,the incidence of halitosis in Chinese people is about 27%.The occurrence of halitosis is related to the Volatile Sulfur Compounds,which is produced by bacteria.Porphyromonas gingivali and Fusobacterium nuleatum are as known pathogenic bacteria.In medical research Lemon essential oi which has a unique aroma and significant antibacterial effect,is very concerned.In this study,we first determined the inhibitory effect,adhesion and acid resistance of LEO.Further studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of LEO on the expression of VSC and the expression of the genes related to bacterial odor production in order to evaluate the potential role of LEO in the treatment of patients with halitosis.Method:1 Extraction of LEO by distillation combined with enzymatic method.2 The minimal inhibitory concentration of LEO to Pg and Fn was determined3 To establish biofilm model in vitro,and to investigate the effect of LEO on the adhesion of Pg,Fn and whole saliva bacteria.4 HI5221 p H was used to determine the change of p H value of Pg and Fn before and after culture,and the effect of LEO on the acid producing ability of bacteria was detected.5 The effect of LEO on VSC was detected by Halimeter6 RT-q PCR was used to determine the expression of cdl and fom A related genes of Fn.7 Effect of LEO0.563mg/ml on Fn and Pg ratio in mixed saliva of halitosis patients by PCR8 Clinical trial to evaluate the effect of LEO mouthwash on patients with halitosisResult:1 9.4 ml LEO is obtained by 640 g lemon peel2.The MIC of LEO on Fn was 4.5mg/ml.The MIC on Pg was 9mg/ml.The MIC on Pg+Fn was 9mg/ml.3.When LEO was sub-MIC 9mg/ml to 2.25mg/ml,the adhesion of Pg and Fn+Pg at smooth polystyrene surface was inhibited.The adhesion inhibitory effect of LEO on Pg was stronger than Fn+Pg.LEO had no inhibitory effect on the adhesion of Fn at mooth polystyrene surface.4 The sub-MIC of LEO(from 2.25 mg/ml to 0.563 mg/ml)inhibited the acid production of Pg,but no effect on Fn acid production.5.After 48 h,sub-MIC of LEO on the VSC of Fn and Fn+Pg has an inhibitory effect.When LEO was 2.25mg/ml to 1.125mg/ml the VSC inhibition of LEO on Fn was stronger than Fn+Pg.After 72 h,when LEO was 2.25mg/ml to 0.563mg/m VSC of Pg was inhibited.6.When LEO was 2.25mg/ml fom A gene m RNA expression levels reduce.7.After 24 h and 48 h LEO inhibited the growth of salivary bacteria and MIC was9mg/ml.When LEO was 4.5mg/ml to 1.125mg/ml the adhesion of saliva bacteria were inhibited.Using PCR,it was found that the proportion of Fn and Pg in saliva mixed bacteria were decreased.8 Clinical studies showed that OR and VSC,gingival bleeding index(BI)index(TI),and the tongue has a significant positive correlation between the number of teeth(r VSC=0.859;r BI=0.429;r TI=0.572;rwisdom =0.259 P<0.01;P<0.05.).There was no correlation between OR and depth of periodontal probing(PD)and DMF(r PD=0.245;r DMF=0.125,P>0.05).There was significant correlation between VSC and PD,BI,TI and wisdom teeth(r PD=0.386;r BI=0.429;r TI=0.649;rwisdom tooth=0.429,P<0.01).After using LEO mouthwash the VSC decreased in the 45 min and the duration was longer than that of hydrogen peroxide.Conclusion:LEO could inhibit the growth and adhesion of Fn,Pg,Fn+Pg and saliver mixed bacteria,as the same time decrease VSC production of Fn,Pg and Fn+Pg,and decrease the acid production of Pg under sub-MIC.Tongue index,bleeding index and wisdom teeth were correlated with sensory measurement.The depth of the periodontal pocket,the tongue coating,the bleeding index and the number of wisdom tooth were correlated to VSC.The effect of LEO mouthwash can reduce VSC and the last time is longer than3% hydrogen peroxide 。... |
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