Characteristics And Risk Factors In Postmenopausal Female With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of the postmenopausal female subjects with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and analyze the risk factors.Object:All the subjects were recruited from department of respiratory medicine&sleep center,in the first clinical hospital of Jilin University from January 2014 to January 2017.They were all postmenopausal women who had more than 1 years after menopause.The exclusion criteria included patients with history of respiratory diseases,maxillofacial deformity,neuromuscular diseases,previous surgery for snoring disease or therapy with continuous positive airway pressure.The postmenopausal women were dignosed with obstructive sleep apnea by polysomnography,on the basis of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in 2011.Totally,173 patients were included in this study.According to their duration of postmenopause,87 patients who were at the age of 53.4±3.5 years old averagely,were classified into the early postmenopasual group with a duration of postmenopause between one to ten years;another 86 patients who were at the age of 63.7±4.0 years old averagely,were classified into the late postmenopasual group with a duration of postmenopause more than ten years.Methods:The subjects were divided into two groups,the early postmenopause group and the late postmenopause group.Neck circumference and abdominal circumference were measured.Epworth sleepiness scale was used to assess the sleepiness during wakefulness.According the results from polysomnography,AHI,the ratio of HI /AHI,Sp O2 nadir and the longest apnea time were obtained.The blood pressure was measured in the next morning after sleep study.Then correlations between AHI and abdominal circumference,neck circumference and blood pressure were analyzed.Result:Compared to the early postmenopause group,sleepiness scale was higher than the late postmenopause group(p < 0.05);AHI was higher in the late postmenopause group compared to that in the early postmenopause group(p < 0.05);the ratio of HI /AHI was higher in the early postmenopause group compared to that in the late postmenopause group(p<0.001);spo2 nadir was lower in the late postmenopause group compared to that in the early postmenopause group(p<0.05).Abdominal circumference and systolic pressure in the late postmenopause group were higher than those in the early postmenopause group(p < 0.05 and p < 0.05);positive correlations were found between AHI and abdominal circumference(r = 0.907,p < 0.001),AHI and systolic pressure(r = 0.870,p < 0.001).Conclusion:1.The severity of postmenopausal women with OSA was increasing gradually with the menopause progressing.2.Obesity is one of the risk factors of postmenopausal women with OSA.3.Severity of OSA in postmenopausal women increases risk of hypertension.