Meta Analysis Of The Relationship Between Olfactory Dysfunction And Alzheimer's Disease And The Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Acupuncture And Moxibustion On The Production Of A?

Objective:The study was conducted to systematically evaluate the correlation between Olfactory dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease.Methods:Case-control studies on the correlation between Olfa ctory dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease published before January of 2017 were retrieved from electronic databases,including The Chinese biomedical literature database(SinoMed),Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database(CNKI),VIP database,Wanfang Data and PubMed.The literatures were screened by researcher who accords to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality of the literatures assessed.Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results:A total of 8 literatures were included and 680 research subjects were extracted,including 376 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 304 controles.Meta analysis showed that Olfact ory function level of the patients SMD=-1.66(95%CI:-1.84~-1.48,P<0.0001)was lower than that of the control group.Funnel plot showed no publication bias?Conclusion:Olfactory dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease may have certain relevance.Objective:By observing the activation of astrocytes in rats,the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and brain,and the expression of related proteins and enzymes of change,exploring the inflammatory reaction of astrocytes mediated mechanism in AD model rats and the effect of acupuncture intervention,so as to provide a new basis for the acupuncture treatment of AD.Methods:Sixty wistar rats were averaged divided randomly int o normal group,sham-operation group and model group and therapy group.AD rat model was established by injecting A?1-42 into hippocampus;A?1-42 was replaced by normal saline in sham-operation group.Normal group,model group and sham-operation group did not have any treatment.As to the therapy group,the needles(25 mm long,filiform needle)were first penetrated into Bai Hui(CV20)and Shenshu(BL23),after the acupuncture treatment,the special moxa sticks(about 5mm in diam)were lighted to be hanged above the three points with 2-3 centimeters high,and this warming moxibu sition would also last 15 minutes,once a day,six days a course of treatment,a total of two courses,the course between rest day.After the treatment,each group selected 10 indicators for testing,(1)using ELISA,Western-Blot and immunohistochemistry methods to detect the level of Inflammatory factors TNF-?,TGF-? and IFN-?;(2)using ELISA and Western-Blot methods to detect the concen trations of serum BACE1 and the protein expression of BACE and APP in the hippocampus of rats respectively.(3)using Western-Blot to detect the expression of GFAP in hippocampus.Results:(1)From the results of ELISA,Western-Blot and immunohistochemistry,compared with the normal group,the TNF-? and I NF-? in serum and hippocampus of model group increased(all P<0.05),and TGF-?1 decreased(P<0.01);Compared with model group,the TNF-? and IFN-? of therapy group increased significantly(all P<0.05),TGF-?1 decreased(P<0.01)(2)From the results of ELISA,co mpared with the normal group,BACE1 in serum of the model group increased(P<0.01);compared with the model group,the content of BACE1 in the treatment group decreased(P<0.01).From the results of Western-Blot,compared with the normal group,the content of B ACE and APP in the hippocampus of model group increased(all P<0.01),and compared with the model group,the content of BACE and APP in the treatment group decreased(all P<0.01).(3)The results of the Western-Blot showed that,compared with the normal group,the GFAP protein level in the hippocampus of the model group was increased(P<0.01),and the level of GFAP protein in the hippoca mpus of the treatment group was slightly lower than that in the model group,but there was no significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:AD model rats,along with the activation of astrocytes,it's pro-inflammatory factor TNF-? and IFN-? expression increased,and anti-inflammatory factor TGF-?1 express decreased.Anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory factor expression exists the phenomenon of imbalance.At the same time,proinflammatory fact or stimulates astrocyte to raise the expression of BACE and APP,which accelerates the decomposition of APP for A?.Acupuncture and moxibustion can activate astrocytes to express anti-inflammat ory factor TGF-?1,and reduce the expression of proinflammatory factor TNF ? and IFN-?.The central and peripheral(brain and s erum)inflammatory cytokines expression trend is consistent.At the same time,Acupuncture can reduce the expression of BACE1 and APP,and can intervene the generation of A beta,so as to effectively restrain the AD inflammatory cascade development and improve the learning and memory ability of rats AD.