Preliminary Study Of Olfactory Function Tests

PartⅠCharacteristics of olfactory functionin normal old adultsObjectives: To investigate the characteristics of olfactory function ofold adults. Methods: Subjects included 95 old volunteers (male/female43/52) with normosmia. A complete ENT examination, A subjectiveolfactometry with T&T olfactometer were performed in all subjects.OERPs with stimulus isoamyl acetate(＜1648 ppm), and air control wereobtained in volunteers. All of the volunteers' olfactory bulb volume wascalculated by MRI. Results and Conclusions: 1,No significantdifference was found between left-side,male and fight-side, female.2,No significant difference was found in N1,P2 latencies of thecomponents of OERPs between left-side,male and fight-side,female;but there is significant difference between＜70 years old group and≥70years old group. 3,There is no significant difference in amplitudesbetween male,left-side,youth and female,fight-side,old.PartⅡCharacteristics of olfactory functionin neurodegeneration diseaseObjectives: Aim to find the olfactory function characteristics inneurodegeneration disease. Methods: 73 neurodegeneration disease cases (male/female 41/32) include Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson'ssyndrome, Alzheimer's Disease and other undiagnosis disease. A detailedmedical history inquiry, a thorough ENT physical examination and asubjective olfactometry with T&T olfactometer were performed in allpatients. OERPs with isoamyl acetate(＜1648 ppm), were obtained inpatients. Results and Conclusions: There is significant difference inT&T olfactometer results between neurodegeneration disease and normal.There is significant difference in P1,N1,P2,N2,P3 latencies of thecomponents of OERPs between neurodegeneration disease and normal.So the olfactory functional test is a useful method in neurodegenerationdisease diagnosis.PartⅢOlfactory bulb volume in old and neurodegeneration disease patientsObjectives: To study primary application of Olfactory bulb volume in inold and neurodegeneration disease patients. Methods: subjects included94 normal old humans and 31 neurodegeneration disease patients, MRI ofbrain and olfactory pathway were available in all of patients and normalold. Results and Conclusions:1,The≥70 years old human's olfactorybulb volume is smaller than 50-59 years old human's. 2,There issignificant difference between left-side,male and fight-side,female. 3,No significant difference between neurodegeneration disease patients and normal old.PartⅥOlfactory function test in olfactory disordersObjectives: To study primary application of olfactory function test inclinics. Methods: subjects included 72 cases (male/female 36/36) withchief complains of olfactory dysfunction. A detailed medical historyinquiry, a thorough ENT physical examination and a subjectiveolfactometry with T&T olfactometer were performed in all patients.OERPs with isoamyl acetate(＜1648 ppm), and or intranasal trigeminalnerve chemosensory event-related potentials with stimulus ammonia,were obtained in patients. Nasal endoscopic evaluation, CT scan and MRIof brain and olfactory pathway were available in some patients. Resultsand Conclusions: In allergic rhinitis,sinusitis and nasal polyp cases,OERPs were elicited in anodmia cases, patients with hyposmia showedlonger latency for P2 than normal. In patients after upper respiratoryinfection, OERPs were not elicited in anodmia cases, patients withhyposmia no showed longer latency for P2 than normal. The absence ofolfactory bulbs and tracts was noted all of the 15 cases with Kallmann'ssyndrome, and subjective olfactory test show anodmia in the 15 patients,the 15 patients' OERP were not elicited. 10 patients' subfrontal regionswere impaired with loss of olfactory bulbs and tracts in 11 cases withhead trauma; the 10 patients' subjective olfactory test show anodmia andOERP were not elicited. The other one's MRI is normal, and the OERP can be elicited. So the OERP can evaluate the degree of olfactoryfunction, CT and MRI can help diagnosis olfactory disorders.