| Public health emerged in the course of human’s struggle with contagion and other diseases and in the process of bio-science’s burgeoning and development, which is closely connected with human’s life. It is the general hope of human and the cornerstone of a nation’s social and economic development. Public health’s development not only reflects the transition of social medical care and health fitness, but also is critical element of social-cultural changes. With the development of human society and the improvement of people’s life, it is increasingly attracting public attention.New York City, characterized by its creativity, has leaded in the field of public health management and supervision system, which has acted as a model to other cities in the United States. Before the Civil War, affected by liberalism idea in management, New York City authority just adopted some temporary measures during rampancy of plagues.During 1865 and 1932, the development and population explosion worsened the public health problem, which leaded to the governing awareness of New York City government, interfering more into the public health affairs. After the establishment of the Metropolitan Board of Health in 1866, the departments related introduced and revised the law of public health in a wider range of fields, whose institution and functions have been adapted to cover a wider scope. Public health supervision system sought effective points with diversity and universality, involving folk organizations as complements of public health management and supervision. By these efforts, New York City has established originally a modern public health management and supervision system.Due to the limitation of technology, that time, during the Civil War and the “New Deal”, there were existed some limitations in New York City public health management and supervision system. But as a whole, based on the history, the achievements in this system were remarkable, and had a far-reaching effects on the systems later. |
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