| ObjectiveTo explore attachment styles and coping strategies of the older adults with chronic noncancer pain and to analysis the influencing factors of coping strategies older adults belonging to the main attachment styles, which make the clinical workers more attention to the psychological therapy for the chronic pain so that they can take tailored interventions effectively to the seniors suffering from the chronic pain, which makes them feel better. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was used for the older adults with chronic pain. 450 older adults with chronic pain were recruited from four communities in Zhengzhou from March to June in 2015. A basic information, coping styles and attachment were measured by a self-designed demographic questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory(BPI), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ), Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire(ECR) respectively. All data were analyzed by Epidata3.1 and SPSS17.0. Statistics description was used for a basic information and the older adults' attachment styles. T test method and F test method and Correlation analysis were applied. Influencing factors of coping strategies in chronic pain older adults with main attachment styles were analyzed by Multiple linear analysis. Results1. The distribution of Attachment styles of the older adults with chronic pain. The scores of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were 3.46±0.64 and 3.68±0.55. Fearful attachment(52.2%) and dismissing attachment(40.7%) occupied the most of all. Attachment figures of the older adults with chronic pain were spouse(50.4%), their children and grandchildren(43.1%), neighbors(2.8%), extra(2.0%) and siblings(1.7%). “Extra” consist of religion figures and pets mostly.2. The attachment-oriented coping strategies of the older adults with chronic pain. The scores of the confrontation, avoidance and acceptance-resignation, three dimensions of coping styles, were 12.64±3.78, 13.67±3.15 and 11.66±3.15. The three dimensions of safety attachment were 15.83±3.09, 11.38±1.41, 10.29±1.68. The three dimensions of fearful attachment were 13.24±4.12, 14.71±3.30, 11.91±3.24. The three of preoccupied attachment were 17.67±1.53, 8.33±6.43, 14.00±1.00. The those of dismissing attachment were 10.98±2.37, 12.58±2.26, 11.48±3.19.3. Correlation analysis between attachment and coping strategies revealed that a negative correlation between attachment anxiety and confrontation(r=-0.283, P < 0.01). However, there was a positive correlation between attachment anxiety and acceptance-resignation(r=0.358, P < 0.01) or avoidance(r=0.112, P < 0.05). And positive correlation between attachment avoidance and avoidance(r=0.372,P<0.01) or acceptance-resignation(r =0.132,P<0.05) can be known.4. The influencing factors of avoidance in the chronic pain older adults with fearful attachment were pro-vocation, living arrangement and age. Pro-vocation, living arrangement, pain intensity and age were the influencing factors of confrontation in the chronic pain older adults with fearful attachment. Then Pain intensity, amount of pain sites and income levels make effects on avoidance in the chronic pain older adults with dismissing attachment. However, amount of pain sites and effects of pain on living make a difference on acceptance-resignation in the chronic pain older adults with dismissing attachment. Conclusions1. The main attachment styles of the old adults with chronic pain are fearful attachment and dismissing attachment.2. The chronic pain older adults have various coping strategies based on attachment. Safety attachment and dismissing attachment tend to confrontation. However, fearful attachment were inclined to confrontation and acceptance-resignation. Then dismissing attachment would choose acceptance-resignation and avoidance mostly.3. Attachment can predict coping strategies in the older adults with chronic pain based on attachment and there are differences in influencing factors of the older adults with attachment styles. |
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