The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Symptoms,Parenting Style,and Resilience Among Adolescents In Liaoning Province

ObjectiveThis study was to assess the present situation of the post-traumatic symptoms,resilience and parenting style of adolescents in Liaoning province and investigate the association between post-traumatic symptoms,resilience and parenting style,which will provide a scientific basis for the education of adolescents in community.MethodA cross-sectional survey was carried out in May to December 2013 in Liaoning Province,northeast of China.The Chinese version of Essen Trauma Inventory for Kids and Juveniles(ETI-KJ)was used to screen the children and adolescents experiencing traumatic events,and assessing their post-traumatic symptom.Besides the sociodemographic characteristics,parenting style of these children and adolescents,their resilience were obtained by modified version of the Parental Authority Questionnaire and Chinese Resilience Scale respectively.Then,the Pearson Correlation,Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)were applied to analyze the data.Results1.A total of 5765 children and adolescents participated in the study,and the number of children and adolescents experienced traumatic events was 2292 by ETI-JK scale screened.Through ETI-JK scale,12.65% of all participants suspected Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)was screened;2.36% of all participants were considered to be PTSD;2.03% of all participants were considered to be diagnosed with PTSD.2.The post-traumatic symptoms of adolescents: the difference post-traumatic symptoms score between different gender adolescents is not significant(P>0.05);the post-traumatic symptoms score of adolescents in inharmonious families are higher than that in harmonious families(P < 0.05);the post-traumatic symptoms score of adolescents who had experienced traumatic events which were associated to parents higher than that were not associated to parents(P<0.05).3.Adolescent resilience: resilience score of girls higher than boys(P<0.05);resilience score of adolescents in different family status had no statistic significance(P > 0.05);the resilience score of adolescents who had not experienced traumatic events which were associated to parents higher than that were associated to parents(P<0.05).The adolescent resilience score in this study was not significantly associated with the norm(P>0.05)?4.Adolescents parenting style: parenting style score of different gender adolescents had no statistical significance(P>0.05);parenting style score of adolescents in different family status had no statistical significance(P>0.05);parenting style score of adolescents who had experienced different traumatic events had no significant difference(P>0.05).5.The post-traumatic symptom of children and adolescents is significantly and negatively related to the five subscales of resilience and authoritative parenting(P<0.01),but positively related to authoritarian parenting(P<0.01).6.The authoritative parenting style,authoritarian parenting style,permissive parenting style,goal planning,affect control,family support and help-seeking were identified as significant directed predictors of post-traumatic symptom under the control of parental marital status as significant sociodemographic variable.7.According to the structural path model,parenting style had significant direct effect on resilience(?1=0.70,P<0.01)and post-traumatic symptom(?2=-0.15,P<0.05);resilience had significant direct effect on post-traumatic symptom(?3=-0.43,P<0.01).Moreover,there still was significant indirect effect(?4=-0.30.P<0.01)of parenting style on post-traumatic symptom through resilience as a mediator.Concerning two endogenous latent variables in the SEM,49% of the variance in resilience and 30% of the variance in post-traumatic symptom are explained significantly.ConclusionsThe rate of PTSD of adolescents in China is higher than that in European and American countries.Adolescent family status and the types of traumatic events have an influence on post-traumatic symptoms.The post-traumatic symptoms of adolescents in inharmonious family are more severe.The post-traumatic symptoms of adolescents who have experienced the traumatic events which are associate with parents are more severe.Adolescent gender and the types of traumatic events have an influence on resilience and the resilience score of girls are higher than boys.This study revealed that parenting style and resilience has significant effects on the post-traumatic symptom.This study also suggested that the authoritative parenting style can be expected to rear children,which would enhance the resilience of children and adolescents to response efficiently to the post-traumatic symptom.