Quality Characteristics Of Small Black Beans And Their Responses To Fertilizer

Small black beans are rich in unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids,flavonoids,phenols,anthocyanins and so on,which have the functions of anti-aging,anti-cancer,anti-obesity and reinforcing intelligence effects.It is a great potential plant resource both of medicine and food.The black beans is one of the main crops in the Loess plateau area in our country,which play an important role in the local agricultural production development.In recent years,the health benefits of black food has been widely concerned,and black beans as the main dark food has also been attracted much attention.Faced with the diversity of market demand,the production of high quality black beans to meet the demand is the key to the development of agricultural production in the Loess plateau.However,there are few reports on the effects of soil fertility and germination on the quality and functional characteristics of black beans nutrition.Therefore,to study the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of small black beans seeds and their sprouts,and to study the effects of fertilizer on the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of one small black bean seed cultivar would provide important theoretical information of research of high quality and high efficient cultivation technology and promote the diversified development of small black beans.This paper studied the nutritional quality and function characteristics of different varieties of small black beans seeds and sprouts,and discussed the effects on the nutritional quality and functional characteristics under N,P ratio and N,P+biological bacterial fertilizer treatment.The main conclusions were as follows:?1?There were significant differences in color values between the small black beans and two yellow beans;The content of crude protein and crude fat of small black beans were lower than that of ordinary bean.There was a great difference in the content of crude polysaccharide between different varieties.The antioxidant activity of small black beans?total phenol,total flavonoids,anthocyanin content?and antioxidant capacity?for·OH,O₂^-·,DPPH·,total antioxidant?were almost significantly higher than those of the two controls.Among them,the total oxidation resistance was as high as 8.93 to 10.17 times and 11.35 to 12.92times that of small bean and ordinary bean.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant or extremely significant correlation between the color difference??E?and the scavenging effects of total fat,protein,total flavonoids,total phenols,anthocyanins,O₂^-·,DPPH·and total antioxidant capacity.Therefore,the color difference of grains determined the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of small black beans.The color difference value could be used to quickly and easily infer the quality of small black beans.These results showed that the quality and functional characteristics of small black beans were significantly better than that of beans.?2?In the process of germination,different kinds of nutrients,antioxidant and antioxidant capacity showed different trends.The fat content of small black beans sprouts was similar to that of small yellow beans in different growth stages,ranging from 8.38%to20.10%.The content of total flavonoids,total phenols,anthocyanins,and vitamin C in small black bean Zizhou?ZZ?were significantly higher than other varieties of small black beans and two controls within the germination of 1⁵ d.The total flavonoid content of ZZ was 1.39to 1.81 times as much as that of the other tested varieties.The total phenol content of ZZ was1.29 to 1.92 times more than that of the other tested varieties.The total anthocyanins content of ZZ was 1.22 to 2.08 times as much as that of the other tested varieties.The content of vitamin C in ZZ was 1.05 to 1.77 times as much as that of the other tested varieties.In the 1⁵ d of germination,the peak or maximum of DPPH·and·OH scavenging ability of the small black bean Jingbian?JB?was significantly higher than that of other small black beans and two controls.The DPPH·scavenging ability of JB was 1.18 to 1.42 times of that of other varieties,and the·OH clearance ability of JB was 1.18 to 1.45 times of that of other varieties.The ability to clear O₂^-·also showed a strong advantage.Therefore,small black bean Zizhou?ZZ?and small black bean Jingbian?JB?could be used as raw materials to produce high-quality bud vegetables beans.?3?The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect on antioxidant activity of small black beans.The highest total flavonoid content was 34.26 mg/g under N₃P₂(N 270 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅ 360 kg·hm^-2)fertilization treatment.The highest total phenolic content was 26.60 mg/g under N₀P₂(N 0 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅ 360 kg·hm^-2)fertilization treatment.The total anthocyanin content was 1.27 mg/g under N₁P₂(N 90 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅ 360kg·hm^-2)fertilization treatment.Moreover,they were all significantly higher than those without N and P?control??P<0.05?.Correlation analysis showed that total flavonoids,total phenols were significantly positively correlated with DPPH·scavenging activity,and total anthocyanins were significantly positively correlated with O₂^-·scavenging activities.Grain color difference?E showed significant or extremely significant negative correlation with total flavonoids,total phenols,and DPPH·scavenging activity.Grain color difference?E was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with total anthocyanins and O₂^-·scavenging activities.These results showed that N 270 kg/ha+P₂O₅ 360 kg was the best proportion of total flavonoids obtained from small black beans;N 0 kg+P₂O₅ 360 kg was the best proportion of total phenols obtained from small black beans;N 90 kg+P₂O₅ 360 kg was the best fertilization ratio for obtaining total anthocyanin in small black beans.?4?Microbial fertilizer mixing was more effective than single traditional nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of small black beans.High nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers would have a negative impact on the measured indicators.Microbiological fertilizers could effectively relieve this effect.Under the same nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application levels,the combined application of microbial fertilizer and seed dressing could obtain higher nutritional quality and functional characteristics index content.These results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer in dressing and mixed application of medium-low nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was beneficial to the improvement of the quality and functional characteristics of small black beans.Therefore,the use of microbiological fertilizer combined with the application of traditional nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers could be used appropriately in the production of small black beans,and microbial fertilizers could be used to partially replace traditional fertilizers to reduce the application amount of fertilizer and improved the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of small black beans.