Study On The Suitable Amount Of Silicon Fertilizer For Winter Potato Based On Black Film Covering

In this study,five different silicon fertilizer application rates were set up in the field experiment:0（T1）,97.5（T2）,146.25（T3）,195.00（T4）,243.75（T5）kg·hm^-2.The effects of different silicon fertilizer application rates on dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter potato,the effects on potato yield,quality and economic benefits,and the absorption,accumulation,and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium and silicon in potato growth process were explored.The main findings were as follows:（1）With the increase of the application amount of silicon fertilizer,the tuber quality and the accumulation of tuber dry matter in potato showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Under T3 treatment,the tuber quality and tuber dry matter accumulation of single plant reached the maximum,and with the increasing application rates of silicon fertilizer for T4and T5 treatments,the tuber quality and dry matter accumulation of tuber decreased gradually.（2）From 30d to 75d after the full seedling period（at 80% of seedling rate）,the concentration of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the whole plant decreased gradually with the progress of growth process;the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in potato stems and leaves increased first and then decreased;the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in tubers showed gradually rising trend,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumintubersrangedfrom160.61～1086.04,18.87～111.99,350.53～2083.28 mg per plant;The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by the whole plant increased gradually,reaching a maximum at 75days after the full seedling period.（3）From 30d to 75d after the full seedling period,the concentration of silicon in whole a single-peak curve.At 60d after the full seedling period,the peak value was reached,and the accumulation amount of stems and leaves decreased.The accumulation of silicon in the tubers gradually increased with the growth and development of the potato.The range of variation was5.26～32.26 mg per plant;The accumulation of silicon in the whole plant increased first and then decreased with the advancement of potato growth period.（4）From 30d to 75d after the full seedling period,the concentration of calcium in the whole plants showed a decreasing trend;the silicon accumulation of potato stems and leaves showed plant decreased gradually.The accumulation amount of calcium in potato stems and leaves with the growth period was gradually increasing.By the 75d the full seedling period,the order of calcium accumulation amount in the tuber of T1-T5 treatment was as follows:T3>T4>T5>T2>T1;Except for the treatment without silicon fertilizer（T1）,the accumulation of calcium in whole potato plants showed a trend of increasing.（5）From 30d to 75d after the full seedling period,the concentration of magnesium in whole plants gradually decreased with the progress of growth process.The concentration of magnesium in whole plants reached the peak at 30 days after the seedlings;the accumulation of magnesium in tuber and the accumulation of magnesium in whole plants showed a trend of increasing throughout the growth period of potato,which peaked at 75 days after the seedlings.The range of variation was 32.25～59.51 mg·each plant,39.29～144.59 mg·each plant.（6）From 30d to 75d after the full seedling period,the distribution proportion of nutrient elements in stems and leaves decreased gradually;In the tuber enlargement period,the distribution ratio of each nutrient element in the tuber increased gradually.From 30d to 75 d after the full seedling period,the distribution rate of each nutrient element in the potato plant was represented by:stems and leaves>tuber to tuber>stems and leaves dynamic change process.The proportion of calcium in potato leaves has always remained at a high level,ranging from83.61～93.81%.（7）The total yield and commercial potato yield of T3 treatment were 37744.95kg·hm^-2and 34568.18kg·hm^-2,respectively,which were higher than other treatments;T3 treatment had the highest economic benefit,reaching 64727.56 yuan·hm^-2,and the ratio of production toinvestment was also Highest for all treatments,up to 1.79.（8）Under T3 treatment conditions,the average nutrient requirements for N,P₂O₅,K₂O,Si O₂,Ca O,and Mg O for each 1000 kg tuber produced were:2.75 kg,0.60 kg,6.98 kg,0.32 kg,0.76 kg,0.48 kg.（9）No significant influence among different silicon fertilizer rates on starch,VC,and reduced sugar was found,but there was significant effect on soluble sugar and crude protein.