The Resource Survey And Pharmacognosy Research On "Jin-Xian-Lian"

In order to research the resources status,herbal records and the characteristics of pharmacognosy study between wild and cultivated of Anoectochilus Herba.The resources in the wild and cultivated Anoectochilus Herba were investigated through field investigation,specimen collection and identification.The pharmacognosy of Anoectochilus Herba was study by the way of herbal textual research,trait identification and microscopic identification.Resources survey confirmed that the wild Anoectochilus Herba are common in Fujian,but the total amount is less.It was identified that the marketed wild "Jin-xian-lian" contained 9 species of Anoectochilus,6 kinds of which are not collected by Flora of China,including 3 newly released plants in China,A.elatus,A.brevilabris and A.papillosus,and 5 of Goody era,1 of Odontochilus.The cultivation industry of Anoectochilus Herba in Fujian is large in scale,wide in distribution,multiple in strain and diverse in planting pattern.4 strains of Anoectochilus Herba were identified."Tai-wan" strain derive from A.formosanus,and"Ben-di"," Jian-ye" strain and“Hong-xia" strain maybe derive from A.roxburghii.The research of materia medica shows that the medical history,which is recorded in the literature,of Anoectochilus Herba has been at least 130 years in Taiwan.The original plant of Anoectochilus Herba is A.formosanus in Taiwan,and A.roxburghii in Mainland China.The specification of the name of the drug is Anoectochilus Herba.It is sweet,cool,and have heat-clearing,blood-cooling and tonic properties.In the characters of fresh medicinal materials,compared with the cultivated Anoectochilus Herba,the wild is smaller,and its root hair shorter,stems and rhizomes slender,rhizomes more bent and leaves more concentrated.The characters of fresh medicinal materials of Anoectochilus Herba of various strains are as follows,the "Ben-di" strains leaves are dark purple or dark green on the front,and purplish red or light brown green on the back,veins are golden yellow or golden red,constant continuous,occasionally discontinuous or no veins.The "Jian-ye" strains leaves are dark green or yellowish green on the front,and pale brown green on the back,the leaves are more pointed,the veins denser and light leaf when the veins are thicker.The "Hong-xia" strains stems and leaves are mostly purplish red,densely veined and often interrupted.The "Tai-wan"strains stems red brown,leaves adaxially dark green and abaxially purplish red,veins are yellowish white,intermittent and transverse less partially.The "Da-yuan-ye" strains leaves large and round,adaxially dark purple,abaxially pale purple red,the edge of the leaf has white veins.The color characteristics of dried medicinal materials are weakened.The difference between wild and cultivated dried medicinal materials are the same as those of fresh.The characters of dried medicinal materials of Anoectochilus Herba of various strains are as follows,the "Ben-di" strains leaves are more round,veins are yellow or orange red,veins discontinuous or inexistent occasionally.The "Jian-ye" strains leaves are pointed,veins denser and light leaf when the veins are thicker.The "Hong-xia" strains leaves are more visible purplish red,densely veined and often interrupted.The "Da-yuan-ye" strains leaves large and round,the edge of the leaf has white veins.The microscopic characteristics of A.roxburghii.are as follows,transverse section of root,externally the root is composed of 1 to 2 layers epidermal cells.Inner to epiderms is the broad cortex.There are calcium oxalate in raphides in some cortical cells.Endodermis,which is slightly thickening and have a distinct casparian strip,is composed of a layer of oblong to irregular cells.The xylem and phloem are arranged alternately.And the pith is obvious.Transverse section of rhizomes and stems,externally the root is composed of a layer of epidermal cells,which has smooth cuticula in the outer wall.Some of the cortical cells possess calcium oxalate in raphides.Endodermis have a obscure casparian strip.Collateral vascular bundle are scattered in the stele.Transverse section through the midrib,upper epidermis composed of a layer of deltoid eppiptical to eppiptical cells.Stratification of mesophyll cells are not apparen.There is 1 midrib vascular bundle,ectophloic type.Avulsion slices of upper and lower epidermis,cells of upper and lower epidermis are polygonal.There are diacytic type,anisocytic type and anomocytic type stomas,which is common to find anomocytic type stomas with 3 to 4 neighboring cells.Powder root hairs are agglomerate or single,and part of which are spiral.It is common to find cell fragments of upper and lower epidermis,and some of upper epidermis are deltoid eppiptical.There are annular,spiral and few reticulate vessels or tracheids.Microscopic characters of cultivated Anoectochilus Herba,including "Tai-wan" are the same as A.roxburghii.The microscopic identification of the wild "Jin-xian-lian" found that there were difference between A.roxburghii.and the same family species,including the number of vascular bundles,pith obvious or not,upper epidermis deltoid eppiptical or not.And this can be used as identification basis of A.roxburghii.and its counterfeit of the Anoectochilus.As the characteristic traditional chinese medicine of Fujian and Taiwan,Anoectochilus Herba has a long medicinal history.However the wild resources of Anoectochilus Herba is rare,and we can find multiple sources of diversified breed or cultivated species,which are difficult to discriminate,in the medicinal market.In order to promote the development of Anoectochilus Herba industry,revise of quality standard of Anoectochilus Herba must be enforced.