Effects Of Exogenous Substances On The Fruit Setting,Quality And Yield Of Winter Spring Tomato

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)with unique flavor and rich nutrition,widely favored by consumers,is a kind of common crops in greenhouse vegetable cultivation in our country and also is one of the important greenhouse vegetables in Heilongjiang province.The annual production of tomato has become a big problem influenced by special natural and geographical environment in Heilongjiang province.Compared with the open cultivation,The problem of the abscission of flower and fruit of tomatoes are frequently in the environment of low temperature and weak light during winter cultivation.Exogenous substances is an effective method to control the abscission of flower and fruit and can improve the quality of the overwintering tomato and increase the output.Therefore,tomatoes were selected as test materials in this research,and respectively cultivated in autumn-winter and spring.According to the different methods of exogenous hormones to spray the flowers,dip in flowers or spray on the leaf.The objective of study was to explore the influences of different exogenous substances on growth period of tomato,fruit setting,fruit quality and yield.Through determinate fruit setting rates,deformity fruit rates,fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,soluble sugar content,Vc content and yield.In order to select the suitable exogenous substances and provide basic theoretical foundation and technical support for our province overwintering tomato production.The results were as follows:For autumn-winter tomato,the fruit setting rates of the third,the forth,the fifth and the sixth one were overall higher when the concentration of PCPA was 15 mg/L for small-sized tomato for small-sized tomato.While for big-sized tomato,there were no significant differences between the third and the forth fruit(p<0.05).On the whole,the fruit setting rate was higher than the others when sprayed with 20 mg/L 2,4-D and 15 mg/L PCPA.When the concentration of PCPA and New Flower Fruit were 15 mg/L,the deformity fruit rates were zero.For big sized tomatoes,fruits'vertical diameter and horizontal diameter were bigger than the others when sprayed with 15 mg/L PCPA,meanwhile,the fruit shape index was bigger when the concentration of FengDa was 10 mg/L,and close to the oval.For small sized tomatoes,there was no significant differences(p<0.05)in fruits' vertical diameter and horizontal diameter.The yield of big-sized tomato was about 4548.33 kg/667m2,and was higher than other treatments,however,the yield of small-sized tomato was about 2992.53 kg/667m2,and was higher than other treatments.For spring tomato,the treatments of different exogenous substances could make harvest time in advance,improve the tomato fruit setting rates and increase the pre-yield and total yield to a certian extent compared with the control.For Fengchanji No.2,the stage of fruit setting,color change and harvest were earlier than other treatments and the harvest data was six days in advance than control.For the third and forth fruit,the fruit setting rates of Fengchanji No.2 were higher than other treatments.The deformity fruit rates of the first,second and forth fruit were no significant differences among treatments.The fruit setting number of Fengchanji No.2 was higher than other treatments.Fruit Capsule and PCPA were slightly lower than Fengchanji No.2.The fruit shape indexs of Swell King and Boron fertilizer were higher than other treatments and there were no significant differences among treatments.The soluble protein content of 2,4-D and Fengchanji No.2 were higher,The soluble sugar content of Boron Fertilizer was higher than other treatments,The Sugar acid ratio of 2,4-D and Fengchanji No.2 were higher than other treatments,The pre-yield and total yield of Fengchanji No.2 were higher than other treatments and were 2934.12 kg/667m2,5987.99 kg/667m2 respectively,which were significantly higher than control.PCPA was slightly lower than Fengchanji No.2.In summary,for autumn-winter tomato,the treatment of 15 mg/L PCPA had higher fruit setting rates,lower deformity fruit rates and higher yield.For spring tomato,Fengchanji No.2 stage of fruit setting,color change and harvest were earlier than other treatments,and it hadn't only higher fruit setting rates,lower deformity fruit rates,but could effectively improve the pre-yield and total yield effectively.