Research On The Security Fertilization Of The Overwintering Tomato In The Huang-huai Region Of China

The vegetables is the crop which need to absorb a lot of fertilizer，and the more you put into, the more you will get the profit. To get high output, peopleusually applied excessive fertilizers unreasonably; this not only increased theproduction cost, but also caused the loss of vegetables quality, the pollution of the soil,environment and water, etc. The tomato, a high-yield and big fertilizer requirementvegetable, is severely affected by the fertilizers used in the process of production. Inthis experiment, in order to find reasonable fertilizing method to direct production andpromote the sustainable production of the vegetables, we investigate the effects ofcombined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on the utilization rateof fertilizers、the quantity of residual N、P、K and the yield and the quality ofoverwintering tomato in the Yellow River-Huaihe River Area.1. Under the condition of this experiment, the H5(Organic N: Inorganic N=1:1,and N-P2O5-K2O=450-225-675kg.hm-2) is more suitable for the safe production ofthe overwintering tomato in the Huang-huai region of China.2. With the increase of the ratio of organic fertilizer application, the lycopene, Vcand the content of soluble solids were also increased. Heavy use of chemical fertilizerfertilizer treatments of the soluble sugar content is more when we slathered chemicalfertilizer, and the organic acids content was reduced when we employed theappropriate ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizer. The Vc, soluble sugar and organicacid content in tomato fruits were increased as increasing the amount of potashfertilizer, moreover the application of right amount of potash fertilizer can alsoimprove the content of lycopene in tomato fruits.The nitrate and nitrite content intomato fruits can be significantly reduced when increasing organic fertilizer andpotash fertilizer, and both the nitrate and nitrite content of the H5are the better.3. The appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer andincreasing potash application improves the utilization rate of NPK fertilizer in thequarter. The N、K fertilizer utilization rate of H5is the highest, which reach thetheoretical value. The P fertilizer utilization ratio is very low in the quarter, and farfrom its theoretical value. The most residues of fertilizer NPK are accumulated in the 0-20cm soil layer.4. On the premise of the same amount of NPK, the weight of single tomato fruit、acre yield and economic benefit would increase when increasing the proportion oforganic fertilizer. When we used the same amount of NP, increasing properly theamount of potash could also improve the yield and economic benefit of the tomato. Sothe H5(Organic N: Inorganic N=1:1, N-P2O5-K2O=450-225-675kg·hm-2) isrelatively suitable for the tomato production.