| Bromeliad is a perennial herb,which has full plant type,bright and rich colors of flowers,long flowering time.It is very popular in high grade indoor flowers.In recent years,bromeliad cultivation in China continues to expand,but the quality is uneven in the market and lack of competitiveness.The test focus on two key cultivation technology studies(fertilizer management and flower treatment)of three popular Guzmania varieties Guzmania 'Catherine',Guzmania 'Hope' and Guzmania 'Brimstone' to improve the level of bromeliad cultivation,reduce production cost and improve new varieties cultivation technology for domestic enterprises,to promote China's fast,efficient and sustainable development of bromeliad industry.The results are as below:1.Effect of different concentration ratio of fertilizers on the growth and development of Guzmania(1)Cup feed of fertilizer is very fit to Guzmania's development.Different concentration ratio of NB and MgSO4 fertilizer has influenced at different levels on vegetative growth and morphological indicators.Leaves can not fulfill the accumulation and transport of organic matter by feed with low concentration fertilizer,susceptible to nutrient deficiency;high fertilizer feed can damage the plants,vegetative growth can not transform to reproductive growth,so that the flower treatment will be low success rate which effect the sales of finish product.(2)In the first growth stage from young plants to half finish product for Guzmania,plants have strong vegetative growth and optimal fertilizer concentration is 0.6-0.8 g/L NB+0.3 g/L MgSO4(EC 1.10-1.34 ms,pH around 5.7).Plants grow at the best quality with robust,vigorous growth,green leaf color and gloss,base without yellow leaves.(3)In the second growth stage from half finish product to finish product for Guzmania,Vegetative growth gradually changes into reproductive growth and optimal fertilizer concentration is 0.6-1.0 g/L NB+0.6 g/L MgSO4(EC 1.33-1.78 ms,pH 5.7.Plants grow at best quality.2.Effectiveness of different flower treatment methods on bromeliad flower induction of Guzmania(1)Acetylene:In terms of the success rate of flower treatment and cost savings,acetylene dissolved in water 30-40 minutes in 100 liter water will reach the request and it is not necessary to prolong the time.It takes long time for flower treatment by acetylene which evaporates fast after dissolved in water;also the concentration is unstable especially during the summer period due to the high water temperature,acetylene evaporates so fast that seriously affects the results of flower induction.(2)Ethylene:it takes only about 3-4 min to completely be dissolved in 100 liter water.Although the flower treatment success rate reaches 100%dissolved Ethylene more than 4 minutes,waste gas and increase cost.(3)Ethephon:success rate by using concentration of 250-500 mg/L Ethephon is high and flowers with bright color.However compare with ethylene and acetylene,the heart leaves of bromeliad will immediately stop growing,flowers height become short and width of flowers crown is smaller,meantime occasionally plants have yellow leaf spot which greatly impacts sales.(4)In commerce production,normally growers use Acetylene for Guzmania flower treatment.In terms of cost,it needs 0.05 RMB for one plant using Ethylene for flower treatment,but 0.11 RMB(double cost!)using Acetylene;concerning the results of flower treatment,it takes less time for flower treatment and gets faster and stable results by using Ethylene.Acetylene has lower solubility,evaporates faster,which takes longer time for flower treatment and unstable concentration.So,Ethylene is the best flower forcing agent for Guzmania which can replace Acetylene.(5)The flowers of Guzmania can last 3-6 months.After flower treatment,vegetative growth changes to reproductive growth.Normally 75-105 days later,plants can meet the shipping standard.In practice,flower treatment date should be determined by variety,season,water temperature,etc. |
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