The Investigation And Analysis Of Production Mode Transformation In Broiler And Layer Industry

Chicken, one of the major meat products in people's daily life, has been well received by people due to its tender texture, high protein, low fat and low cholesterol. Eggs, rich in cholesterol and protein, are much nutritious. The amino acid of the egg protein can sufficiently satisfy the physiological needs of human bodies and be easily absorbed due to its appropriate proportion, with an absorption rate higher than 98%. Compared with chicken, pork and beef, eggs are the cheapest which are rich in high-quality animal protein. Egg has become one of the commonest food in people's life due to its high nutritive value and cheap price.The author has discussed the scale, cost and cooperation of broiler/layer breeding both at home and abroad by looking up the yearly China Statistic Yearbook, China Animal Industry Yearbook and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and related literature. It shows that:(1) Generally, the egg yield, broiler yield, the mount of broilers slaughtering and poultry breeding stock at the end of year have grown slowly. In 2013, the egg yield was 28.761 million tons, and the chicken yield was 17.984 million tons, increasing by 5.6% and 33.08% respectively compared with that of 2004. The amount of broilers for slaughtering reached 11.9 billion, and poultry breeding stock reached 5.71 billion, increasing by 31.2% and 10.62% respectively compared with that of 2004. Though our country is the second largest broiler producer in the world, the per capita broiler consumption is low.(2) The scale and yield of small-sized broiler farms have decreased year after year, while the number of medium-sized and large broiler farms have tended to increase continuously. In 2013, the number of small-sized broiler farms decreased by 19.13% compared with that of 2007, while the numbers of medium and large-sized broiler farms increased by 13.83% and 2.23 times compared with that of 2007.(3) The breeding of broilers/layers is much influenced by the regional distribution, breeds and social economy. Such influence is the most remarkable in the east, then the middle part, and lastly the west, thus taking on a distribution in gradient.(4) In recent years, the production cost has always been increasing. Especially, the labor cost, since 2012, has doubled that of 2009.(5) The author has elaborated the current situation of the broiler and layer industrialization in our country in terms of pattern of broiler and layer industrialization, breeding management, industry-university-research cooperation pattern, improvement of fine breed rate of broiler and layer, and broiler processing technology.(6) The author has also made research and analysis on the current situation of the boiler and layer production mode at home and abroad. In recent years, the yields of broilers and eggs have increased year by year. China has ranked the first place in egg yield in the world, and the second place in chicken yield. Brazil and India have respectively ranked the first place in terms of growth rate of chicken yield and egg yield.By the method of questionnaire survey, the author has analyzed the condition of broiler and layer breeding merchanization and informatization.(1) The degree of merchanization and informatization is relatively lower. The rate of mechanical feces-cleaning is 41.88%, while the rates of mechanical fodder-feeding, mechanical water-supplying and mechanical fodder-conveying are less than 20%. As the survey suggests, more than 80% of the enterprise have reflected that the local environment has been damaged to varied degrees. With regard to the treatment of feces, the manner of clearing away accounts for 70%, fermentation on the fermentation beds accounts for 20%, and other manners of treatment account for 10%.(2) The popularity degrees of informatization, computers and networking facilities are higher. However, the informatization management is weak, with few farms having IT department and office automation.(3) In talent structure, most of the talents on the chicken farms have college degrees or below; talents with bachelor's degrees are few, and talents of the information major are rare.The author has summed up several problems on the production of broilers and layers, including shortage of human resources, rise of production cost, low degree of breeding standardization, low production efficiency, shortage of mechanical equipment, low level of mechanization and the imbalanced development. In addition, the informatization has just started; resources are in short supply; the environmental pressure is great; and it is difficult to make the disease control and prevention.The following proposals are put forward for improving the production of broilers and layers in our country, including vigorously advancing the large scale and standardization of broiler breeding, intensifying the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, reducing emission and pollution, accelerating the popularization and understanding of welfare production of broilers and layers, quickening up the mechanization and informatization of broiler and layer breeding, and strengthening the training of employees to improve their professional skills.