| Weicheng District is located in the northeast of Xianyang. The research of its settlements evolution is an important part of Guanzhong region. After the founding of new China, the great changes in rural settlement space form have taken place in Weicheng District. In addition to the factors such as natural environment, cultural tradition, many of the changes of the 21st century had occurred by reasons of economic development, planning intervention and rapid advance of urbanization.According to the time series, with the help of historical materials,this article analyses the evolution of rural human settlements in Weicheng District in a comprehensive way.The evolution can be classified as three timing phases:the Qing dynasty and the period before, the Republic of China, since the establishment of the nation. Shall be limited to the loss of the data in the Qing dynasty and before, only the setting of settlements was introduced briefly. During the period of the republic of China, the existing information was comprehensive analyzed. Using the turbulent history background as a starting point, the characteristics of settlements form, settlement scale and the residential buildings were analyzed. Since the founding of nation, the number of rural settlement showed the feature of rising, decrease, fierce increase and slow reduction. Under comprehensive analysis, it was found that rural settlement space form has changed as follows:the scattered distribution of Qing dynasty and before, turbulent changes "cobweb" in the republic of China and homogenization "grid" since the founding of new China. In the future, with the centralism construction of settlement, the improvement in infrastructure and cultivation technology, the human settlements will be like a "big board". A single settlement manifested as various sizes and continued to expand. The number of settlement changed from turbulence to stabilization. The spatial structure changed from disorder to order. Residential house changed from SiHeYuan (four-side enclosed courtyards) and cave to "front yard+back yard" and "forecourt+backyard". The community even appeared. The look of residential buildings becomes more beautiful. The building materials becomes more high-end. After the longitudinal analysis, the author chose the settlements near Xian Xianyang International Airport and Weihe Power Plant as individual case to analyze typically, mainly focusing on settlement scale, layout of a single settlement and dwellings. On the whole, the rural settlement spatial form has experienced the changes from turbulent changes to relative stabilization. Settlement scale are different in size, and the residential shapes varies from poor to rich.Combing the evolution and factors, adding in-depth study of the typical area, the author found that there are some problems in this area,such as hollowness, oversize homestead, disorder land use, the lost of traditional settlement culture and so on. In view of the above, the paper made suggestions from three respects. They were optimizing the construction land spatial layout, the scientific location of village development type and inheriting the traditional settlement culture. |
