Studies On The Landscape Of Dongguan Nine Traditional Villages

The traditional village in Dongguan region of its history features and distinctive life space formed regional culture and humanistic spirit. Due to the migration of population in dynasties the influence of human environment and natural geographical features, this formed the kind of villages, which were the diversity of space, functional diversity, cultural diversity. In this study, nine villages in Dongguan were taken as the research objects. Through investigation surveying, mapping and data collection, applying the landscape design, architecture knowledge. Then we discussed traditional village space and landscape features in Dongguan region. The main research results were as follows:1. The landscape spatial pattern of Dongguan nine traditional villagesThe patterns of "Near water and mountain, near the traffic and the field" were as follows:5 traditional villages near the mountain,3 near to the water,4 near the field,4 near the traffic;There were 5 types of building orientation,3 villages were located north towards south, 2 villages were located east towards west,2 villages were located southeast towards northwest, only one village were located northeast towards southwest and northwest towards southeast. The building orientation of locating north towards south can more benefits the traditional village to ventilation and air exchange in the summer of subtropical monsoon climate. There were 3 types of architectural composition, the comb type layout(two),the line layout(two),The massive layout(five).And more massive was affected by the massive water.2. The space elements and characteristics of spatial series of Dongguan nine traditional villagesThe landscape space node of traditional was mainly composed of streets space,architecture group, a village entrance, the square of clan, and etc. Streets' spatial series had "fishbone type" and "grid";the landscape space of village formed "?" word, "?" word, "?" word.3. Building's art decoration of Dongguan nine traditional villagesThe architectural art decoration of Dongguan nine villages were, mainly expressed in carving, stone carving, wood carving, grey carving, poetry writing and painting murals,total of five aspects. The dermatoglyphic pattern of the wood carving, including verge board, door header, partition board and other parts, were mainly of “plum blossoms, orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum” and “fruits and flowers in four seasons”.Grey curving mainly adopted the round curving type, high relief technique, by using the Trespe, dragon design, Curio pattern and other patterns to decorate the waji, gable, baldachine and other parts. Red Sandstone curving mainly adopted the Low relief and high relief curving to decorate the door pillow stone, gable wall head, etc. The Painted murals drawn natural landscape, red-crowned craned crane, magpie and other themes to decorate the door cover,zhaobi, etc. And the main content of the couplet and plaques were to eulogize the beautiful scenery of natural landscape and families' precept. Such themes and expression methods were the outward manifestation, like the pragmatic and secular of Dongguan residents,cultural compatibility, the pursuit of public life to the aesthetic taste of Confucian culture and ethics.4. The landscape plants' selection of Dongguan nine traditional villagesThe homestead Feng Shui trees with special meanings had, Mango.(Mangifera indica),Camphor tree(Cinnamomum camphora), Banyan tree(Ficus microcarpa). Among a total of 24 families, 30 generas, 31 species courtyard trees, more were, flowers and trees for native tree species. Space planting form is given priority to with solitary planting, clump planting, covering and viewing space.