The Study On Translation Of Coal Mine Engineering In Late Qing Dynasty

The technology of modern coal mine engineering came from the West.Therefore,the translations of Western coal mine engineering technology in the late Qing period was an important carrier for introducing and disseminating modern coal mine engineering technology at that time and it was also an important resource for training technical talents.During this period,the technical gap between the Eastern and Western coal mine engineering techonology was relatively obvious,thus the focus of the western translated works was on translating various key technologies in western coal mine projects.In the current study on mining history and coal mine engineering technology history,there are few ones try to tease out and research problems talked above.Based on previous researches on various types of mining translations and coal mine technology history in the late Qing Dynasty,this thesis focuses on the analysis of the translated works about coal mine in the late Qing Dynasty.Through sorting out the existing research results,there would be still a lot of research space on the coal-mine translated works in different aspects,such as the value of the original texts,the characteristics of translation,some problems related to original text,the transmission of the translated works and so on,those are just key problems this thesis would like to solve.The settlement of the above issues can benefit studies on the coal-mine technology history in the late Qing Dynasty and the history of Sino-foreign exchanges in mining industry.This thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter mainly introduces the research purpose and research significance,research overview,problems solved in this paper,research ideas,research methods and some other basic contents.In the second chapter,firstly,the author will talk about background information of the coal mine project translated works in the late Qing Dynasty as well as the demand and reasons for the coal mining technology improvement at that time.Secondly,it analyzes the differences between the Chinese traditional coal mining technology and the western one in the same period,and touched the demand of the late Qing intellectuals’ thoughts on building modern coal mines from this.Finally,through the relationship between the rule of “urgently-needed books translated first” in the Translation Bureau of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau and the idea of setting up modern coal mines,the paper explored the background on demanding for social and technology changes in the translation of coal mine engineering works,thus provides a analysis basis for the introduction and characteristics of the late Qing minerals works.The third chapter is a general survey of translated works of mining projects in the late Qing Dynasty.First of all,it clarifies what kind of mining engineering works had been translated,the original text of these translations,the identity of the authors and the value of the original text.On the basis of this,it mainly carried out examinations and errata on the underlying problems of the original texts,and analyzed the conditions of these works and their authors,in order to clarify the type,quality,and basic situations of their publication and popularity in the west.In Chapter four,after clarifying the overall situation of the translation in mining projects,the Kai Mei Yao Fa which is the first translated book focused on the coal mining in Jiang Nan Manufacturing Bureau has been selected as a representative case.Through comparing the Chinese and English versions,this part will mainly focus on the addition and deletion of content,the translation of key technologies,and the new technologies and regulations introduction of this book.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the spread and impact of the translated works on coal mine engineering in late Qing dynasty.Taking Kai Mei Yao Fa as the main research object,first comparing the connection and development between Technology History what’s more,discussing the impaction of these works had brought in education and some other aspects.Through the study of the above issues,the following conclusions could be drawn:1.The steam engine technology has been widely applied in late Qing coal mine engineering technical translations.That is a typical case about the technology communication of steam engine technology in the field of industry and mining.“QI Ji(the steam engine)” ran through the key technical links of Kai Mei Yao Fa,from the very beginning of roadway drilling,to the support of wells and lanes,the transportation and upgrading of coal wells,and so on.Steam engines were used as power machinery and participated in the whole procedure.2.Through the textual research of this thesis,we have sorted out the original test of Kai Mei Yao Fa and Jing Kuang Gong Cheng,and reviewed the current inaccurate claims.Through the study of Kai Mei Yao Fa and its original text,it has been found that the English version has a high status a great influence in the West.What’s more,making clear the authoritativeness and authenticity of mining projects translated works and introducing the identity and important contributions of the original texts’ author in this field.in addition,the content of the coal mining in the history of technology of United Kingdom in the 18 th century was mainly derived from the English version of the Kai Mei Yao Fa(1882 edition),which shows that its original text is really a very authoritative version in that period of time.3.Through the study on the introduction of Kai Mei Yao Fa,it has been clarified that many modern mining technologies such as lifting,transportation,drainage,ventilation,and lighting were first brought to China through the translation of this book.Comparing with Chinese traditional mining technologies,those technologies had advantages in terms of power,efficiency,input-output ratio,and use of new types of machinery.It was the most timely and effective technology that the Westernization Movement needed to introduce.4.Through the examination of the documents,determining the order and relationship of three important safety regulations in that period: safety regulations in Kai Mei Yao Fa.The Constitution of Kaiping Coal Mine--the first coal mine safety regulations in late Qing Dynasty,and The British Coal Mines Regulation Act of 1872.The results of the study indicate that the safety regulations in Kai Mei Yao Fa was based on the British Coal Mine Regulations of 1861.It was the first time to introduce the safety regulations for western coal mining into China and earlier than the previous two coal mine safety regulations.