Land Ecological Security Evaluation In North Shanxi

As a basic space of human activities,land provided necessary material resources,the health level of its ecosystem reflected the quality of system security as well as the ability of risk resistance.Currently,the evaluation on the security of land ecology is much studied in the field of ecological security since it is associated with the long-term environmental development in regions.The North area of Shanxi Province,which is a typical fragile ecological environment area,is located in the eastern area of Loess Plateau hills.Due to the frequent coal extraction activity,the situation of land ecological security in the area was increasingly becoming serious.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to alleviate the problem of land ecological security,to improve quality of the land,and to enhance the ability of risk resistance.The current study aims to calculate the land ecological security value,to analyze the pressure-state-response values as well as spatial pattern of land ecological security levels,and to provide the measure to improve the land ecological security level.The study was carried out in the range of 21 cities/counties in North Shanxi Province,based on the current situation of land use in the years of 2000,2008,and 2013.The main research contents and conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)Analysis of land use changes.By processing the remote sensing image of North Shanxi Province in 2000,2008 and 2013,this study analyzed the types of land use,including its area,structure,diversity,and spatial layout changes.During the period of study,the result indicated that the index of land use diversity in this area increased from 1.25%to 1.29%.While the farmland and the water area gradually reduced,the forest area,and residential and mining industrial land increased.Additionally,grassland was increased first and then decreased.Finally,the unused land generally kept unchangeable.(2)By using P-S-R model,this study constructed the system of evaluation index consisting of population,resources,land use and social economy.The study used the entropy weight method and comprehensive index model to calculate the composite value of land ecological security in North Shanxi Province in 2000,2008 and 2013,and distinguished levels of ecological security.(3)From 2000 to 2013,the index average value of land ecological security of North Shanxi Province increased from 0.37 to 0.47.Specifically,the values in Youyu County,Dai County,Fanzhi County and Wuzhai County had significantly increased by 0.23,0.24,0.23,and 0.32,respectively.In general,the situation of regional ecological security had significantly improved in partial areas,and the overall situation turned out to be better.However,it is still not good enough to be in a good status.(4)The analysis of temporal dynamics for land ecological P-S-R value.In 2000,the average land ecological pressure value is 0.19,the status value is 0.13,and the response value is 0.06;In 2008,the average land ecological pressure value is 0.19,the status value is 0.14,the response value is 0.12;In 2013,the average land ecological pressure value is 0.23,the status value is 0.14,the response value is 0.16.The situation of ecological security turned better and gradually went through a stable development.(5)The analysis of spatial patterns of land ecological security level.From 2000 to 2013,the level of land ecological security accounted 10.86%of the area,which is a sensitive level;57.5%of the area is relatively low,with a level of risk;31.64%of the study area is the lowest,which is a bad level.(6)Based on the study results and analysis on land ecological security evaluation in North of Shanxi as well as changes of land use,strategies were made to promote the land ecological security in the study.