Study On Genetic Diversity And Parental Relationship Of Chinese Zootoca Vivipara Based On Microsatellites

Zootoca vivipara is a typical representative with two reproductive models of ovoviviparity and oviparity in the squamata.It mainly distributes in Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang and other regions in China.The Zootoca vivipara prefers to inhabit in hidden bushes and broad-leaved forest,but because of the excessive deforestation and development of the forest by human,the habitat of the Zootoca vivipara is seriously damaged,and the number of wild Zootoca vivipara is gradually reduced.In this study,we studied the genetic diversity,genetic differentiation and paternity identification of Chinese born lizards,and provided the theoretical basis for the protection of Zootoca vivipara.For the first time,microsatellites are used to study the genetic diversity and parental relationship of Zootoca vivipara in six different regions of China.Samples of Zootoca vivipara were collected from six regions of the country(Heilongjiang Nenjiang,Sunwu,Huma,Inner Mongolia Ergun,Kudor and Xinjiang Burqin).In this paper,a total of 11 pairs of microsatellite primers were screened out by the method of gene library screening and near-species amplification.The 6 groups of Zootoca vivipara were genotyped through the PCR amplification and polypropylene gel electrophoresis.A total of 86 alleles were detected,and the average number of alleles per locus was 7.82,and the PIC of 11 microsatellite markers was 0.7587,which indicates that 11 microsatellite markers had higher polymorphism.The heterozygosity of the six Zootoca vivipara groups ranged from 0 to 1 and the expected heterozygosit ranged from 0 to 0.908.The average Shannon information index of each group fluctuated between 0.8854 and 1.6716.The data showed that the genetic information of the six groups of Zootoca vivipara is more abundant,and the genetic diversity is more obvious.The gene flow between the six groups was higher than 1,and the FST genetic differentiation coefficient ranged from 0.0400 to 0.1482.The variance analysis of AMOVE molecular variance showed that the genetic variation among the groups was 7.64%,and the genetic variation among individuals was 6.13%,and the genetic variation in the individuals was 86.23%.This indicated that there were fewer genetic variations among the six groups,and the genetic differentiation of the groups was moderate genetic differentiation.According to the standard genetic distance,the results of UPGMA clustering showed that six groups of Zootoca vivipara were divided into two groups,and Burqin,Kudor,Ergun and Huma were clustered,and Nenjiang and Sunwu were clustered,which indicates that the genetic relationship between the six Zootoca vivipara groups was not consistent with the geographical distance.The results of parental relationship identification of 18 families in Xijiang Burqin,Inner Mongolia Ergun and Kudor,respectively,through 11 microsatellite markers show that in the case where the mother-child relationship is known,each cumulative exclusion probability of extinction of microsatellite markers is 0.999951,and there is a multiple fatherhood exists phenomenon in the Chinese Zootoca vivipara family,and the proportion of multiple fatherhood is different in different regions.There is a significant difference in the number of offspring of a male parent between that of more than one male parent,which suggested that the existence of multiple fatherhood phenomenon contributes to the increase of the number of individuals in the population.