Monitoring And Evaluation Of Fanjingshan World Natural Heritage Nominated Property

World heritage is the outstanding creation created by human and nature and the common wealth for people all over the world.Among the 1052 world heritage sites,there have been 55 sites listed in The List of World Heritage in Danger because of the threat of their Outstanding Universal Value(hereinafter referred to “OUV”),and even 2 of them were removed out of the list.So the importance of protection and management,as well as preventive monitoring of world heritage has become increasingly prominent.As an important means of preventive management and risk prevention,the research on world heritage monitoring and evaluation is still immature.There is no standard basis for monitoring and evaluation of heritage managers.So the study on monitoring model,indicator system,as well as monitoring and early warning of world heritage is extremely urgent.The monitoring and evaluation indicator system of the nominated property of Fanjingshan based on value ontology,threats and administrative management was built from the nature of world heritage with the methods of Delphi method and AHP.The monitoring and evaluation model was constructed according to the threat intensity and indicators' weight.Through community investigation,statistical research and field survey,the sustainable development status of the study area was evaluated and the threat intensity grading standards and early warning model of world heritage was put forward.The main achievements of this paper are as follows:(1)The nominated property of Fanjingshan meets world heritage criteria vii(aesthetic value),ix(ecological evolution process)and criteria x(biodiversity value),but faces threats like road construction,soil erosion,landslides and so on.Among those factors,the biggest threat is road construction and the minimum threat is air pollution.With its unique aesthetic value,biodiversity value and ecological evolution value,the study area meets the world heritage criteria(vii),(ix)and(x)and has been included in World Heritage Tentative List.The vertical vegetation spectrum,Rhinopithecus brelichi,Fagus longipetiolata Seem.and Davidia involucrata Baill.are typicalcarriers of OUV.The OUV of the study area is threatened by natural factors and human factors,among which human activities are the main factors.Based on the second round of the Periodic Report of UNESCO World Heritage Center,combined with research results of field monitoring investigation and in the study area,12 main threat factors were summarized.Make a threat factor matrix comparison sort through the participation of heritage managers,indigenous people and other stakeholders as well as world heritage experts.The study concluded that the threat degree of the threat factors from big to small in turn for highway construction,soil erosion,landslide,debris flow,reservoir and dam construction,tourism development and management,abandoned mining sites,indigenous development,forest fires,solid waste pollution,noise pollution,endangered Buddhist culture,water pollution and air pollution.(2)Using Delphi method and AHP,the monitoring and evaluation indicator system based on world heritage values,threat factors and administrative management was built through a multi-level indicator model.Through the weight analysis of the indicators,highway construction advised to be the priority indicator of the study area.The multi-level index model is divided into target layer,criterion layer and indicator layer.Under the total target layer of the sustainable development of world heritage,the monitoring and evaluation indicators were identified as 3 criterion layers,including the heritage ontology,threat factors and administrative management,with a total of 25 indicators.From the view of heritage values and integrity the nominated property meet,the heritage ontology can be divided into scope and property,forest coverage,vegetation type and area,geology and geomorphology,biodiversity,Rhinopithecus brelichi activity area and landscape beauty.Threat factors focus on the factors that have more threat to the sustainable development of the study area.It can be divided into 12 indicators of forest fire,soil erosion,landslide,debris flow,indigenous people development,abandoned mining sites,tourism development and management,highway construction,reservoir and dam construction,water pollution,solid waste pollution,air pollution,noise pollution,endangered Buddhist culture.From the aspect of management effectiveness of world heritage,administrative management includes 6 indicators of the perfect degree of laws and regulations,theeffectiveness of planning implementation,the degree of community participation,public satisfaction index,research/monitoring activities,management activities.According to of the OUV of world heritage,threatening factors and administrative management,the monitoring and evaluation system seize the essence of world heritage.Because of the threat factors and administrative situation is dynamic,the indicator system should also be adjusted with the dynamic change.(3)The evaluation model of the nominated property was built using multi-linear weighting function.Based on multi-level index model and monitoring and evaluation indicator system,using multi-object linear weighting function give the monitoring and evaluation model on the sustainable development of the world heritage:In the model,S is the total scores,Ci is the index score for i in the index layer,Wi is the index weight for i in the index layer,Wj is the index score in the criterion layer,i is the number for the index score,j is the number for the criterion layer.The model can be used for others World Heritage(include nomination)by adjusted criterion layer and index layer and provide a reference on quantitative evaluation of sustainable development of the World Heritage.(4)Combining the World Heritage properties with the model of monitoring and evaluation,give the threatening degree classification criteria of the World Natural Heritage for the first time.According to the criteria,the threatening degree of the research area is mild threat.With the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of World Heritage Convention 2015 and World Heritage properties,based on the OUV,integrity and protective and managerial condition of the world natural heritage,choice the protective condition of OUV,vegetation coverage,soil erosion degree,integrity,laws and regulation,protection and management effectiveness and community participation as reference indicators.Based on the scores of quantitative evaluation,the threatening degree of world heritage was divided into 5 degrees: no threat(?90),potential threat(80-89),mild threat(70-79),the moderate threat(60-69),and strength threat(< 60).Based on the field investigation,data analysis and expertscoring,calculating the sustainable development score of Fanjingshan world natural heritage nominated property is 74.69 points.According to the threatening degree classification criteria,the study area is mild threat.(5)Reference to the world natural heritage monitoring and evaluation index system and the threat degree of the classification criteria,establish the security warning model and early warning classification parameters of world heritage.According to the early warning connotation,heritage values and threatening degree classification criteria of the world natural heritage and the monitoring evaluation index and weights of various indicators of the study area as reference,the total score of quantitative evaluation and the scores of heritage values,threatening factors and administrative management as warning classification parameters.The world heritage security warning mode is divided into blue warning,yellow warning and red warning,which are corresponding to mild threat,moderate threat and intensity threat.