Ebinur Lake Wetland Landscape Pattern Change And Ecosystem Service Value Relations Research

As a transitional ecosystem between aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem,wetland not only has the ecological functions of regulating water resources and purifying water,etc.,but also maintains regional ecological balance and habitat safety.Moreover,it also plays a role in maintaining biodiversity.In this paper,the research area Ebinur Lake Wetland,a droughty inland lake,has become the second largest ecologically vulnerable area following Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang,China.The seriousness of ecological environment in Ebinur Lake Wetland threatens the sustainable development of both society and economy in Economic Belt on North Slope of Tianshan Mountain as well as Xinjiang Section of Eurasian Land Bridge.In droughty inland lake wetlands,the landscape pattern change and ecosystem services are diversified and typical.However,wetland ecosystems of inland lakes in arid regions are often ignored due to their low biological production.As a result,there are few researches and reports with regard to quantitative assessments on them.To explore how many services the ecosystems of droughty inland lake wetlands provide for human beings and the relations between ecosystem services and landscape pattern change,this paper took Ebinur Lake Wetland in Xinjiang as the target region.By explaining and analyzing the remote sensing data in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,the research area was divided into 11 kinds of landscapes based on landscape ecology theories and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.The ecosystem services were assessed from four respects of material products,wind sheltering and sand fixation,soil conservation as well as carbon fixation and oxygen release.The research results show the follows:(1)Dynamic change of landscape types: the increase of areas of each landscape type fluctuated significantly from 2010 to 2015.This means that the landscape types in Ebinur Lake Wetland were highly interfered by the nature and human behaviors after 2010,of which construction land,bottomland and marshland were mostly seriously affected.(2)Change in landscape indexes: the number of patches of each landscape types in Ebinur Lake Wetland all increased to different extents from 2000 to 2010,except for grassland,bottomland,desert and saline land.From 2010 to 2015,the numbers of patches of bottomland,construction land,marshland and bare rock land increased,and the numbers of patches of other landscapes all decreased.Except for desert,landscape patch densities of all landscapes all increased during 15 a,in particular dry farmland.(3)Analysis on landscape pattern transfer: the areas of waterscape,saline land and desert all deceased significantly,and the landscapes mainly transferred to forestland and bottomland from 2000 to 2005.The areas of waterscape,forestland and grassland all deceased significantly,and the landscapes mainly transferred to bottomland from 2005 to 2010.The areas of saline land,bottomland and grassland all deceased significantly,and the landscapes mainly transferred to dry farmland from 2010 to 2015.(4)Material amounts of ecosystem services: dry farmland contributed most to wind sheltering and sand fixation,and dry farmland,grassland and saline land contributed most to soil conservation from 2000 to 2015.Grassland contributed most to soil conservation in 2000,and dry farmland contributed most to soil conservation in the following years.In terms of carbon fixation and oxygen release,grassland and saline land made the most contribution,with the amount of their carbon fixation and oxygen release account for over 46% of all.The amounts of carbon fixation and oxygen release of construction land and waterscape were the least.(5)Value amounts of ecosystem services: in terms of total amount of ecosystem services of all landscapes,dry farmland whose value amount accounted for 49.97% of all played a dominant role,followed by saline land,grassland and desert.In the structure of value of ecosystem services in Ebinur Lake Wetland,the proportion of value of material products increased significantly by 3.56 times from 16% in 2000 to 57% in 2015.