| Ecosystem services are an important foundation for improving human well-being,and have become a hot topic for scholars in the fields of landscape architecture,landscape planning,and ecological restoration.When planning and designing landscape architecture for a certain purpose,it may lead to a decrease in the index of some ecosystem service types.How to scientifically adjust the spatial structure of landscape architecture and coordinate the balanced development of different ecosystem services is an important issue facing landscape architecture planning and management.In the context of the construction of national ecological civilization,this paper,based on the theory of "structure process function",combined with relevant remote sensing data and meteorological station data,uses methods such as In VEST model,spatial mapping analysis,and statistical analysis to systematically analyze the landscape evolution process in the Poyang Lake region from 2000 to 2020,and evaluates water production services,habitat quality Three key ecosystem services for carbon storage were analyzed quantitatively in terms of their spatiotemporal evolution,and the hot spots for ecosystem service trade-offs were identified spatially.The application of ecosystem services in landscape regulation was discussed,and suggestions for landscape structure optimization were proposed,providing reference for regional ecological restoration and landscape management.The main conclusions of this article are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the overall trend of annual average temperature in the area around Poyang Lake was upward,with a distribution characteristic of "low in the north and high in the south";The overall trend of rainfall is fluctuating and increasing,showing a distribution characteristic of "low in the northwest and high in the southeast".Cultivated land,forest land,and water area account for over 85% of the landscape area around Poyang Lake,making them the main landscape in the region.During the study period,the area of cultivated land and forest land decreased,the area of water area increased,and the area of construction land increased exponentially.The area of landscape transfer accounted for 11.48% of the total landscape area.The loss of cultivated land is the most serious,mainly flowing to construction land,forest land,and water areas.The fluctuations in the number and density of patches on cultivated land in the region decreased,and the degree of fragmentation decreased with good continuity.The number of patches in forest land continues to decrease,while the landscape shape index of forest land and grassland fluctuates and increases,making the landscape evolution process more complex.The correlation analysis between landscape area ratio and ecological environmental factors shows that the correlation between the two is significant.(2)Between 2000 and 2020,fluctuations in water production services in the Poyang Lake Rim region increased by 5.487 billion m3,habitat quality decreased by 0.015%,and carbon storage decreased by 2.38% × 10^6t。 The overall spatial pattern of water yield is low in the northwest and high in the southeast,with Poyang County having the highest multi-year average water yield.The high value areas of habitat quality are mainly located in the low mountains and hills of the study area,with the main landscape type being forest land.The habitat quality of construction land is the lowest,while the multi-year average habitat quality of De’an County is the highest.The spatial distribution characteristics of carbon reserves are "low in the middle and high around".The counties with high average carbon reserves for many years are Poyang County and Yongxiu County.(3)There are significant regional differences in the trade-offs and synergies between water production services,habitat quality,and carbon storage in the region around Poyang Lake.The overall relationship between habitat quality and carbon storage is mainly synergistic,with the concentration areas mainly located in the northwest,northeast,and southeast of the study area;The overall trade-off between water production services and carbon storage is dominated,with clusters mainly distributed in the central part of the study area,Lushan Mountain,and the southeast of Yugan County;The overall trade-off between water production services and habitat quality is dominated,with clusters mainly distributed in the south of the study area.The correlation between various landscape indices and ecosystem services is significantly different.(4)With the goal of building an important ecological function protection area in the Poyang Lake region,following relevant landscape regulation principles,propose regulatory,restorative,and constructive strategies for different landscapes.Based on the evaluation results of ecosystem services at the county level,use hierarchical clustering to classify counties into four categories,propose corresponding strategies that can be adopted,and conduct landscape regulation from the perspective of improving ecosystem services. |
