Comparative Research On Morphological And Molecular Characteristics Of Succinea(Gastropoda:Succineidae) From Different Locations In Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

Succinea was established by Draparnaud in 1801,is a member of Succineidae,Gastropoda,Mollusca.The type species is Helix putris Linnaeus.The shell of many species of Succinea have similar characteristics,so its classification and identification work are more difficult to do.In this paper,the comparative morphology(including shell,body pigmentation,reproductive system,radula and jaw)and molecular systematics(using mitochondrial CO?gene sequence)were studied on succineids collected from 9 locations in Tianshan Mountains and 1 location in Aletai Kanas from Xinjiang.The main purpose of this paper was to clarify the classification of succineids from these 10 locations,solve their classification problem,and lay the foundation for the systematic classification of Succineidae in Xinjiang,China.The main results were as follow:1.Comparative morphology of shell and soft body anatomy of succineids from 10 locations from Xinjiang were studied.Shells were observed,photographed and described;soft body and reproductive system were dissected and their detailed anatomical features were drawn;radulae and jaws were photographed using a scanning electron microscope;and high-definition color photos were taken using a digital microscope shooting for jaws.The morphological differences among succineids from 10 locations were discussed,and these succineids were initially identified belonging to three species.2.Chondriosome cytochrome oxidase?(CO?)genes of succineids from 10 locations were amplified using the universal primer of invertebrate by PCR method,and about 618 bp fragments were obtained.The sequences were analyzed by software ContigExpress,DNAMAN,ClustalX 1.83 and MEGA 5.0.The molecular characteristics of CO?gene sequences were analyzed.The genetic distance among succineids from 10 locations were calculated,and the phylogenetic trees of them were constructed using Neighbor-Joining(NJ),Maximum Parsimony(MP)and Maximum Likelihood(ML).The results showed that the succineids from 10 locations clustered into three clades,and this result was consistent with the morphology results.3.Based on the morphological and molecular results,the classification of succineids from 10 locations of Xinjiang were basically determined: succineids specimens from 5locations of Urumqi Nanshan mountain and Ili Nileke county were the same species,Succinea daucina Pfeiffer,1854;succineids specimens from Gongliu county,Xinyuan county andDushanzi-kuqa highway were more similar in morphology than other locations,and clustered into one clade in molecular phylogenetic trees,belonging to one species,maybe a new species;succineids specimens from Aletai Kanas were obviously different from other nine locations,belonging to a species alone,maybe a new species.4.Above three succineids species were described in detail,and compared with their similar species.