The Dynamic Change Of Reclamation And Its Impacts On Marine Environment During Recent Years In Yantai

Yantai is located in the core area of Shandong Peninsula blue economic circle.As an important city in the economic circle of the Bohai Sea.,it connected the northeast economic zone and the north China economic zone,besides,it was the hub of China,Japan and South Korea international economic development zone in northeast Asia economic circle.As a coastal open city,the mainland coastline of Yantai is 702.5 km,accounting for 22.5% of the total in Shandong Province,the corresponding sea area is 2.6×104 hm2,which is twice the area of land.Since The Eleventh Five-Year Plan,Yantai has accelerated the development of ports,marine transportation,machinery and shipbuilding,fisheries,coastal tourism and marine high-tech industries.All of these have led to the rapid growth of the sea reclamation in Yantai.Therefore,the comprehensive grasp of the sea reclamation situation and the quantitative analysis of the sea reclamation dynamic change are element works to analyze the impact of the sea reclamation on the surrounding marine environment and the forces which drive to the sea reclamation in Yantai.This study focused on exploring the direction of rational development and utilization of the sea reclamation in Yantai,which has great practical significance to reduce the negative impact of the sea reclamation activities and ultimatelyrealize the sustainable development of the marine economy in Yantai city.In this study,Landsat,SPOT,GF-1,GF-2 and ZY-3 remote sensing images in 1990,2003,2008,2012 and 2015 were used as the data sources.Combining with the sea reclamation information,remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)were used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the sea reclamation in terms of time,space and reclamation types over the past 25 years in Yantai.The results as follows:(1)The total sea reclamation area of Yantai mainland coast was 20045.34 hm2 in 1990-2015.The sea-fill area was 13283.92 hm2 and the reclamation area was 6761.42 hm2.(2)During the period of 1990-2015,the sea reclamation rate in Yantai showed a trend of continuous acceleration and slow down then,the largest rateappearedin 2008-2012,followed by 2012-2015 and 2003-2008,and the lowest appeared in 1990-2003;(3)Among several districts in Yantai,Laizhou had the largest sea reclamation strength;followed by Longkou;Muping and Penglai had medium sea reclamation strength;Yantai urban area,development zone and Laiyang had a small sea reclamation strength;Zhaoyuan had the smallest sea reclamation strength;(4)The main type of the sea reclamation in Yantian is salt pan;the second is surrounded but not filled region,urban construction area and aquaculture pond;the third is port;the industrial reclamation and fisheries infrastructure reclamation area is the smallest.Based on the present situation of the sea reclamation,this paper has analyzed the influence of the sea reclamation on the marine environment from the aspects of the coastline,the gulf,the sediment erosion to the environment,the coastal water quality and so on.Based on the three aspects of nature,economy and society,this paper also analyzed the driving forces of the sea reclamation in Yantai.Finally,the feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of the sea reclamation in Yantai are put forward.